Straight Alkyl Side Chains

As shown in Table 3, the glass-transition temperatures of the amorphous straight-chain alkyl vinyl ether homopolymers decrease with increasing length of the side chain. Also, the melting points of the semicrystalline poly(alkyl vinyl ether)s increase with increasing side-chain branching. 

In contrast to acid-catalyzed alkylation of arenes, where alkylation of the aromatic nucleus occurs, the base-catalyzed reaction of alkylarenes leads to alkylation of the side chain.231-234 Alkenes (straight-chain 1-alkenes, isobutylene), conjugated... 

The dimerization of toluene and substituted toluenes leads to diaryl-ethanes 2S.28.32) Electron-attracting substituents favour the reaction 32) while electron-donating groups reduce the yield. In alkylaromats with straight or branched alkyl groups it is almost always the weakest bond of the side chain which is broken 25 >28>. The resulting radicals combine to diarylethanes or substituted diarylethanes ... 

Compounds are systematically named in the density tables as alky (alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.) derivatives of benzene in the style <side chains>benzene. Side chains consist of one or more alkyl (alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.) radicals attached to the benzene ring. Thus names such as butyl, pentyl, heptyl refer to saturated straight chain radicals. Unsaturated side chains are named as radicals from the corresponding alkene, alkadiene, alkyne, etc. Examples are ethenyl, (1-propenyl), (2-butenyl), (2,3-pentadienyl), and (4-pentynyl). The numbers indicate the postion of the double and triple bonds. 

The first route was rather straight forward introducing first the nitrogen containing side chain by reacting the epoxide with methylamine in methanol at 120 °C under pressure to the amino-alcohol 215 and N-alkylation of this intermediate with 1-bromoheptane in ethanol to the tertiary amine 216. This same product was prepared directly by reaction of the epoxide with N-methylheptylamine in ethanol with a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid at 120 °C under pressure. O-alkylation was performed according to the method used by J. Fried69) that is reaction of 216 with tert. butyl-oj-iodohexanoate (NaH in DMSO). Compound 217 was charac-... 

Thus, formation of n-alkanes in the jet fuel distillation range can be explained if large n-alkanes are present in the crude oil source. Quantities of large n-alkanes are insufficient, however, to explain the amounts found (up to 37%) in the jet fuel made from shale (1). Other possible precursors to small straight chain molecules are branched compounds or substituted cyclic compounds. Attack in a side chain obviously affords a path to an ii-alkane. Esters, acids, amines, and ethers also have the potential to form n-alkanes if an unbranched alkyl chain is present in the molecule. 

A side-chain is essential for activity. Straight chain alkyl derivatives increase in activity with increasing chain length with optimum activity reached at five carbons. An unsaturated bond increases activity. The c/s-isomer of 4-2 is less active than the trans-isomer. 

All side chains are straight chain alkyl where C is the number of carbons in the chain. ° Spectra recorded in CHCI3 solution unless otherwise indicated. Where multiple peaks are observed, wavelengths are given for all well-defined peaks. The absorption maximum is indicated by an. ... 

All side chains are straight chain alkyl where Q, is the numbo of carbons in the chain. Spectra recorded in CHCI3 solution. 

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