Storage and handling issues

In general it is important to follow the storage guidelines from the supplier to ensure stability during the shelf-life period and an optimal performance of the natural colour during later use. 

Besides the many factors to be aware of when selecting natural colour products as described in Section 13.3, the handling during production is also important. Good guidance on how to handle colours will normally be provided by the supplier in the safety data sheet specifying the directions of use as well as any relevant hazards. 

When handling colours during processing the risk of contamination of especially the more sensitive colours can be minimised if it takes place in clean environments. The primary hazard related to natnral colonrs is the possible irritation of skin and eyes when using alkaline formnlations. 

---

Many factors can influence the choice of solvent for topical preparations, ranging from chemical considerations such as drug solvent compatibility or solvent stability to packaging, storage and handling issues. Some critical concerns are discussed below. 

A variety of important research issues require much more work if U.S. companies are to establish and maintain dominance in information storage and handling technologies. These issues are quite broad and cut across the spectrum of materials and devices. 

It is also not possible to even partially review all the many applications in synthesis that have already been demonstrated for the Grubbs reaction. I have chosen to focus on three papers. For those desiring to deploy the Grubbs catalyst only from time to time, storage and handling become serious issues. We have found (J. Org. Chem. 68 6047,2003) that the commercial catalyst dissolved in paraffin wax can be stored exposed to the laboratory atmosphere for many months and still retain full activity. The example above of 1 + 2 - 3 is taken from that paper. 

One practical limitation is the availability, storage, and handling of reactive tri-chlorosilyl enolates. Addressing this issue, Denmark et al. developed an interesting, more practical procedure entailing in situ preparation of those reactive species. Starting from a TMS enol ether 29, in situ preparation of the trichlorosilyl enolate with tetrachlorosilane and mercury acetate, followed by subsequent asymmetric al-dol reaction, gave the aldol product (S)-25 in 89% yield and with 92% ee (Scheme 6.14). 

At VTT, the following issues are addressed in the present study pyrolysis of solid biomass [3, 4], hot vapour filtration, pyrolysis oil quality [5] and fuel oil specifications [6], storage and handling properties of pyrolysis oil, boiler applications [7], and techno-economic assessment of pyrolysis systems [8]. A considerable amount of work... 

One issue with the use of sodium hydride as a reagent in pilot and commercial operations is the storage and handling requirements for this material. Sodium hydride is typically obtained commercially as a 60% amalgam in mineral oil to stabilize the reagent. In the nevirapine process, the mineral oil tends to agglomerate with the product upon precipitation from the reaction mixture. An intermediate purification step was developed through use of DMF as a crystallization medium. The crude product was dissolved in hot DMF followed by charcoal treatment to absorb the residual mineral oil associated with the product. The charcoal was then removed by filtration followed by evaporative crystallization of the product. A final aqueous crystallization was carried out to remove residual quantities of DMF from the product by acidification with hydrochloric acid followed by treatment with caustic to precipitate the product. 

The Instructions for the Care, Storage and Handling of Gas Warfare Material issued by the Gas Service A.E.F., June 15, 1918, stated, If a leak is suspected it should be reported immediately and all men required to work near the dump should keep the respirator in the alert position. The suspected shell should be located immediately and removed and buried. The removal and disposal of leaky shells should be conducted only by men wearing respirators and gloves. Holes 4 feet deep will always be kept prepared... ... 

At our molders, low-volume or special items included pre-colored materials, abrasive compounds, and purchased or consigned components. At the one participant where pre-colored material was an issue, the per-pound material activity cost for pre-colored material was almost triple that for white or black material. We also found that abrasive compounds caused accelerated mold deterioration and higher mold maintenance costs at two of our sites. Finally, purchased components generally required more purchasing and quality control per dollar purchased than compounds and, at one site, the storage and handling of customer-consigned components cost the company close to 30,000 per year. 

NFPA 58 pertains to storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases. It applies to the highway transportation of and the design, construction, installation, and operation of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) systems. It addresses issues such as location of LPG storage tanks, safety analysis, and overfilling protection devices (NFPA, 2002). 

Weaponization of CW agents usually involves addition of other compounds (sometimes other CW agents) in order to stabilize the contents, or to increase the range of temperatures in which the chemical agents would be effective. Thus, rather mundane issues of storage and handling of chemical weapons are actually very important problems to consider. 

Currently special procedures govern the transportation, shipment, and disposal of Li/S02 batteries as well as other lithium batteries.Procedures for the use, storage, and handling of these batteries also have been recommended. The latest issue of these regulations should be consulted for the most recent procedures. 

The nickel-zinc battery does not impose any special handling or storage requirements beyond those of any other commercially available battery. However, it must be realized that any battery does impose some safety and handling issues such as electrical hazards or corrosive electrolyte spillage. A material safety data sheet (MSDS) and operating/handling instructions should be obtained from the battery manufacturer. 

---