Stereo microscopy

Most collectors limit themselves to the so-called micromount, pieces of mineral with dimen-sions of at most a few centimetres and they classify their collection as described in paragraph 7.3. Samples are identified by making use of their properties, most of which can easily be demonstrated. In addition, you can use information obtained with the help of stereo microscopy or of catalogues with photographs. 

Conventional. In most of the laboratories around the world, TEM specimens are usually prepared in a conventional manner that shews only the "plan" view of the damage distribution, i.e., the plane of the foil being parallel to the inplanted or otherwise processed surface. Although much useful information concerning defect structures and their nature can be obtained, the depth distribution of defects is difficult to ascertain even from stereo microscopy. This is especially true in cases vtere either two or more discrete layers of defects separated ty a defect free region are present or vhere the defects of interest are buried under another more dense band of defects. Therefore,... 

Nankivell, J. E 1963. The theory of electron stereo microscopy. Optik 20, 171-98. 

Light microscopy allows, in comparison to other microscopic methods, quick, contact-free and non-destmctive access to the stmctures of materials, their surfaces and to dimensions and details of objects in the lateral size range down to about 0.2 pm. A variety of microscopes with different imaging and illumination systems has been constmcted and is conunercially available in order to satisfy special requirements. These include stereo, darkfield, polarization, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. 

By means of stereo, light and electron microscopy, we have studied the anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of hilum-micropylar region of the radish seed, where the radicle protrudes. 

Anatomical and ultiastructural aspects of in vitro germination of the purslane seeds may be studied using stereo and SEM microscopy (Figures 8 and 10). 

Optical microscopy to observe volume changes was done with a Zeiss stereo microscope, using a 3 mm high round sample cell. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with stereo or standard light microscopes, can be used to determine the morphology of materials on the surface of a membrane. 

Stereo-transmission electron microscopy of craze tips has shown that the meniscus instability is the operative craze tip advance mechanism in a wide variety of glassy polymers Figure 4 shows a craze tip in a thin film of a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (PSAN). The void fingers are clearly visible. No isolated voids can be... 

Ashton FT, Somlyo AV, Somlyo AP (1975) The contractile apparatus ofvascular smooth muscle intermediate high volt e stereo electron microscopy. J Mol Biol 98 17-29 Babij P (1993) Tissue-specific and developmentally regulated alternative splicing of a visceral isoform of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Nucleic Adds Res 21 1467-1471... 

The left-handedness of the mutual twist of DNA in chromosomes has been demonstrated by stereo electron microscopy of dinoflagellate chromosomes (9). 

S. S. Scherrer, G. D. Quinn, J. B. Quinn, Fracte apMc Failure Analysis of a Procera AUCeram Crown Using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dental Materials, 24, (2008) 1107 -1113. 

The PLLA/PDLA stereocomplex, which is another crystal modification of PLA, was first discovered by Ikada and coworkers [80]. Its structure and physical properties have been studied using a number of different techniques, including infrared spectroscopy [82], optical microscopy [83], calorimetry [84], and X-ray diffraction [85]. Recent reviews by Tsuji and Fukushima et al. summarize the main properties of the stereo complex [86, 87]. 

D profiles do not, however, adequately describe 3-D properties, particularly in the ease of anisotropic surfaces. The next step in the application of the wavelength-depen-dent roughness concept will therefore be an extension to 3-D evaluation, as discussed in Section 3.5. Another frequent limitation in applications is related to the limits of lateral and/or vertical resolution and to instrumental artefacts. In comparison to the laser profilometry technique, interference microscopy, AFM and stereo-SEM are able to resolve finer structures and surface features, although — in the case of AFM — problems in ease of contacting envelope may be critical for strongly corrugated surfaces. A comparative study of different teehniques will be published separately. 

The evolution of the pore network is difficult to analyze quantitatively. Experimentally, very few attempts have been made to produce a detailed stereo-logical characterization of the evolution of the network. Such charactaization is very time-consuming, requiring detailed quantitative microscopy of a series of... 

The single most important preparation instrument in the microscopy laboratory is the stereo... 

The steps involved in the problem solving protocol are outlined in Table 7.1. They are rather simple and do not take much time to consider and such a protocol can save time in the long run. The protocol involves steps typical of scientific inquiry collect all the currently known facts, determine the nature of the problem, state the objective of the study, obtain the correct specimen, be sure to have experimental controls, look at the sample with the naked eye and then with a stereo microscope. These provide an aid to selection of the specific microscopy techniques and preparation methods needed to begin to address the objectives. The result should be that clearly defined analyses are conducted. 

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