Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain

Because myoepithelial cells are not always readily identifiable on routine hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections, many immunohistochemical methods have been used to highlight an intact myoepithelial cells layer. Recent studies have reported CD10 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) expression in... 

Kalof AN, Tam D, Beatty B, Cooper K (2004) Immunostaining patterns of myoepithelial cells in breast lesions a comparison of CD10 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. J Clin Pathol 57 625 629... 

Durst, KL., Lutterbach, B., Kummalue, T., Friedman, A.D. and Hiehert, S.W. (2003) The inv(16) fusion protein associates with corepressors via a smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain domain. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 23, 607-619. 

Adelstein, R. S. (1993). Phosphorylation of vertebrate nonmuscle and smooth muscle myosin heavy chains and light chains. Mol. Cell Biochem. 127-128, 219-227. 

The desmoplastic stroma associated with DAs expresses a variety of inflammatory and stromal markers. The inflammatory cells are mostly T cells (CD3 positive). Scattered B cells (CD20 positive) and macrophages (MAC387 and KPl positive) are also usually present. The spindle cells express alpha-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and collagen IV, markers of myofibroblastic differentiation.They are also reported to be positive for heat shock protein 47 and hbronectin, as well as for proteins associated with tissue remolding such as urokinase-type plasminogen... 

FIGURE 19.1 p63 (A) and smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain (B) stain myoepithelial cells (MEQ of a breast lobule. 

FIGURE 19.2 Smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain stains myoepithelial cells in a fibroadenoma. 

FIGURE 19.4 DCIS is heavily obscured with lymphocytes, but smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain clearly reflects the presence of myoepithelial cells (A). Another case in which myoepithelial cells are easy to see with p63 in spite of heavy lymphoid infiltrate on core biopsy, which confirms a lack of invasion (B). 

FIGURE 19.5 This infiltrative-appearing breast core biopsy is clearly invasive carcinoma, as seen with complete lack of smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain. A blood vessel serves as positive internal control. 

FIGURE 19.6 Approximately 5% of morphologically identifiable DCIS may not show myoepithelial cells. This case of cribriform and papillary DCIS (A) shows lack of staining with p63 (B) and smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain (Q. Collagen type IV demonstrates strong continuous staining around tumor nests confirming the in situ nature of the lesion (D). 

FIGURE 19.10 Carcinoma in situ involving sclerosing adenosis is always frightful to look at (A), but the diagnosis is confirmed with smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain documenting the presence of myoepithelial cells (B). 

FIGURE 19.12 Cribriform growth pattern—is this in situ or invasive (A) A smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain immunostain confirms the diagnosis of DCIS (B). 

FIGURE 19.13 Initial microscopic impression of tumor nest is that myoepithelial cells are present, manifested by the presence of smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain (A). Closer inspection reveals staining of vessels (note lumens) around tumor nests (B). No im-munostaining for p63 documents lack of myoepithelial cells in this case (C). 

FIGURE 19.14 A low-power view of an intraductal papilloma with monomorphic cellular proliferation at the bottom right (A). A high-power view demonstrates the presence of DCIS in a papilloma (B). A lack of smooth-muscle myosin heavy chain immunostaining in this morphologically abnormal area confirms the diagnosis of DCIS involving papilloma (C). 

Werling RW, Hwang H, Yaziji H, et al. Immunohistochemical distinction of invasive from noninvasive breast lesions A comparative study of p63 versus calponin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 27 82-90. 

B. Phosphorylation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chains... 

III. ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY SEQUENCE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN... 

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Ikebe M, Hewett TE, Martin AF, Chen M, Hartshorne DJ (1991) Cleavage of a smooth muscle myosin heavy chain near its C terminus by alpha-chymotrypsin. Effect on the properties of myosin. J Biol Chem 266 70307036 Ikebe M, Reardon S (1988) Binding of caldesmon to smooth muscle myosin. J Biol Chem... 

Meer DP, Eddinger TJ (1996) Heterogeneity of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression at the single cell level. Am J Physiol 270 C181924... 

White S, Martin AF, Periasamy M (1993) Identification of a novel smooth muscle myosin heavy chain cDNA isoform diversity in the SI head region. Am J Physiol 264 C12528... 

Aikawa M, Sivam PN, Kuro-o M, Kimura K, Nakahara K, Takewaki S, Ueda M, Yamaguchi H, Yazaki Y, Periasamy M, Nagai R (1993) Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms as molecular markers for vascular development and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 73 1000-1012... 

Babij P (1993) Tissue-specific and developmentally regulated alternative splicing of a visceral isoform of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Nucleic Adds Res 21 1467-1471... 

Murphy RA, Herlihy JT, Megerman J (1974) Force-generating capacity and contractile protein content of arterial smooth muscle. J Gen Physiol 64 691-705 Nagai R, Kuro-o M, Babij P, Periasamy M (1989) Identification of two types of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by cDNA cloning and immunoblot analysis. J Biol Chem 264 9734-9737... 

Kelley CA, Adelstein RS (1994) Characterization of isoform diversity in smooth muscle myosin heavy chains. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72 1351-1360... 

Miano JM, Cseijesi P, Ligon KL, Periasamy M, Olson EN (1994) Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain exclusively marks the smooth muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis. Circ Res 75 803-812... 

Hamada Y, Yanagisawa M, Katsuragawa Y, Coleman JR, Nagata S, Matsuda G, MasakiT(1990) Distinct vascular and intestinal smooth muscle myosin heavy chain mRNAs are encoded by a single-copy gene in the chicken. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170 53-58... 

Matsuoka R, Yoshida MC, Furutani Y, Imamura S-i, Kanda N, Yanagisawa M, Masaki T, Takao A (1993) Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene mapped to chromosomal region 16ql2. Am J Med Gen 46 61-67... 

Kuro-o M, Nagai R, Tsuchimochi H, Katoh H, Yazaki Y, Ohkubo A, Takaku F (1989) Developmentally regulated expression of vascular smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms. J Biol Chem 264 18272-18275... 

Katoh Y, Loukianov E, Kopras E, Zilberman A, Periasamy M (1994) Identification of functional promoter elements in the rabbit smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene. J Biol Chem 269 30538-30545... 

Kallmeier RC, Somasundaram C, Babij P (1995) A novel smooth muscle-specific enhancer regulates transcription of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 270 30949-30957... 

White SL, Low RB (1996) Identification of promoter elements involved in cell-specific regulation of rat smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene transcription. J Biol Chem 271 15008-15017... 

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