Stem cell damage

Table 2 summarizes the most important issues relating to bone marrow stem cell damage after mustine exposure. 

In addition to their inherent self-sustaining properties, brain tumor stem cells may be more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy than other tumor cells. Bao et al. (2006) found glioma stem cells (CD133+) were relatively radioresistant compared to CD133- tumor cells and preferentially activated the DNA damage checkpoint response. This relative resistance to standard treatment approaches of tumor stem cells compared to the majority of other cells within a tumor may underlie our current inability to cure patients with aggressive brain tumors such as glioblastoma. 

Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB, Dewhirst MW, Bigner DD, Rich JN (2006) Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 444 756-760... 

Male infertility may result from cancer surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal imbalances, or damage of germinal stem cells. Testicular damage from radiotherapy depends on the treatment field, total dose, and fractionation schedule. Depending on the radiation, sperm counts may return to pretreatment levels in 10 to 24 months after therapy or maybe permanent in 80% of men after total-body irradiation for transplant. 

Patients who present with symptomatic disease will be started on therapy. Two regimens used are VAD and melphalan and prednisone (MP). VAD like chemotherapy regimens are used most often in transplant candidates because it avoids the alkylating agent melphalan, thus minimizing damage to the stem cell compartment. These two regimens produce equivalent response rates of approximately 50% to 70% in previously untreated patients with myeloma (see Table 93-4).35>36... 

Ponomaryov T, Peled A, Petit I, et al. Induction of the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 following DNA damage improves human stem cell function. J Clin Invest 2000 106(11) 1331—1339. 

Zhu, L. et al. (2007) DNA damage induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nano Letters Issues, 7 (12), 3592-3597. 

Some aspects of multiple sclerosis are reflected in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is induced by immunization of susceptible animals with appropriate encephalogenic proteins or peptides. In these animals, if cultured adult stem cell neurospheres are injected into the bloodstream, injected cells can find their way to damaged portions of the nervous system and improve function in mice. How the injected cells augmented the recovery process is unclear. One possibility is that cells recruited to the lesions differentiated into oligodendrocytes and generated new myelin sheaths, but this seems unlikely in the face of ongoing cellular destruction. 

Symptoms Erythema, Blisters, Irritation of the Eyes, Cough, Dyspnea, Asymtomatic Latent Period (hours). Also, mild upper respiratory signs to marked airway damage, GI effects and bone marrow stem cell suppression possible. Mustard is a blister agent that affects the eyes, lungs, and skin. A person exposed to mustard will feel very little pain and... 

Stem cells are those, which have the possibility to self-renewal during the whole life of animal or human. The process of regeneration and proliferation in the damaged area is implemented due to the pool of stem cells. Stem cells have the ability of the unlimited division and self-renewal, and also of determination, but not final differentiation. 

The number of satellite cells in skeletal muscle declines with age so that recovery after injury is slower in the elderly. Moreover, no satellite cells are present in cardiac muscle, and damage (e.g. after a heart attack) is not repaired but is replaced by scar tissue. These are no reports of severe muscle damage in top sports personalities berg treated with embryonic stem cells. Rapid recovery from such damage, may be financially rewarding to both the athlete and the club, so that such treatment may be considered in the future. 

The latency period for leukemia was about 20 years, which was 5-10 years shorter than the liver tumors (Frank 1980). The primary forms of leukemia found were erythroleukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia (da Motta et al. 1979 Kamiyama et al. 1988 Mori et al. 1983b). Kamiyama et al. (1988) reported that the damage from Thorotrast may have been due to effects on the hematopoietic stem cell level. 

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