Melphalan alkylating agent

Melphalan -alkylating agent cell cycle independent OjO... 

Melphalan Alkylating agent breast Leukopenia bone marrow... 

Chemotherapeutic agents are grouped by cytotoxic mechanism. The alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide [50-18-0] and melphalan [148-82-3] interfere with normal cellular activity by alkylation deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Antimetabohtes, interfering with complex metaboHc pathways in the cell, include methotrexate [59-05-2] 5-fluorouracil [51-21-8] and cytosine arabinoside hydrochloride [69-74-9]. Antibiotics such as bleomycin [11056-06-7] and doxombicin [23214-92-8] h.a.ve been used, as have the plant alkaloids vincristine [57-22-7] and vinblastine [865-21-4]. 

Patients who present with symptomatic disease will be started on therapy. Two regimens used are VAD and melphalan and prednisone (MP). VAD like chemotherapy regimens are used most often in transplant candidates because it avoids the alkylating agent melphalan, thus minimizing damage to the stem cell compartment. These two regimens produce equivalent response rates of approximately 50% to 70% in previously untreated patients with myeloma (see Table 93-4).35>36... 

Melphalan (L-PAM) Alkylating agent hreast and ovarian cancer Leukopenia hone marrow suppression gran u 1 ocy to pen i a pancytopenia... 

Alkyl halides, alkyl sulfonates and other alkylating agents have also been subject to scmtiny in spheres other than pharmaceuticals, such as in environmental analysis. Various approaches have included two-step SPE, derivatisation with trifluoroacetic anhydride followed by GC/MS (for cyclophosphamide and its analogues in sewage water) SPE on surface water to isolate the antineoplastic agents carmustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and melphalan for LC-UV and LC-fluorescence measurements and derivatisation of alkyl halides and epoxides with 4-nitrothiophenol followed by HPLC-UV detection (claimed to be better than NBP derivatisation). A patent exists for a field test kit for mustard gases in military use based on NBP derivatisation. 

A large variety of agents used in cancer treatments has been examined on reversed phase. The alkylating agent melphalan was determined in acidic methanol-water (1 1) at the 50 ng/ml plasma level (J27). ACNU. a... 

Melphalan HCI/Alkeran/ GlaxoSmithKline/ Antineoplastic, alkylating agent... 

Melphalan and other alkylating agents should be avoided in patients who are felt to be candidates for high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation, as prior therapy will affect the success of stem cell harvesting. In this setting, the nonalkylator combination of vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD) has been used. 

The use of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) as an analytical reagent for the determination of alkylating agents [59,60] is based on the series of reactions presented in scheme IIA. Melphalan is treated at 80—100° with a large excess of the chromogenic reagent to... 

We take the precaution of sealing the DNApolythene bags and storing them at -20 C. Plates coated with DNA modified with the alkylating agent melphalan, which induces unstable guanine N-7 adducts, are stable for at least one year when stored in this way. 

Melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) is an alkylating agent that has been used to treat a wide variety of solid malignancies, including cancers of the breast and ovary, and multiple myeloma. Intravenous melphalan has been used to treat rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and neuroblastoma (1). 

Alkylating agents and related compounds act by forming covalent bonds with DNA. thus impeding DNA replication. They can be divided into five subgroups (i) nitrogen mustards (e.g. chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, melphalan and mustine (ii) platinum drugs (coordination complexes of platinum) (e.g. cisplatin and carboplatin) ... 

Chlorambucil, melphalan, and uracil mustard also have been associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Of the alkylating agents, only nitrogen mustard and thiotepa have not been reported to cause fibrotic pulmonary toxicity. ... 

Classic alkylating agents (mechlorethamine, melphalan, busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)... 

Several anticancer drugs that act as alkylating agents have been shown to be detoxified by GST. The nitrogen mustards melphalan and chlorambucil have both... 

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