Steam pipe/piping, turbine

Suggested Steam Pipe Velocities in Pipe Connecting to Steam Turbines... 

A solar thermal electric-generation unit. A pipe containing synthetic oil is positioned along a mirror-coated trough. Sunlight hitting the mirror is reflected onto the pipe and heats the oil to 370°C. The hot oil is then pumped out and used to convert water to steam in a turbine in an electric power plant. 

In steam turbine power plants, steam pipes carry super heated vapor under high temperature (1050°F/565.5°C) and high pressure often at 3500 psiMPa or greater. In a jet engine temperatures may reach to 1000°C, which may initiate creep deformation in a weak zone. For these reasons, it is crucial for public and operational safety to understand creep deformation behavior of engineering materials. 

Number of steam pipes Steam main diameter, mm Number of turbines Turbine unit power (max.), MWe Turbine unit power (net rated), MWe... 

Hidden underneath the governor trip assembly and a maze of small steam piping at the front of the steam turbine are the hand or jet valves. Most medium-sized turbines have two or three of these valves. Their function is vital to saving energy at reduced unit throughput. 

The HGP, owned by the Supply System, received steam via the steam piping system from the N Reactor. The HGP consists of two 430-MW (electrical) low-pressure turbine generator systems with associated auxiliary equipment normally found in a steam power station. The HGP is operated by the Supply System. The HGP condensers and auxiliary cooling systems were supplied by raw water pumped from the Columbia River and discharged back to the river approximately 90 m (300 ft) upstream from the N Reactor raw water intake structure. 

In Spain, there have been two pipe ruptures due to erosion corrosion a main feedwater pipe (suction side) in a BWR in 1989 and a steam pipe break in a line connecting the turbine with the feedwater heater in a PWR in 1991. 

Eariy condensate sampiers Piping, turbines aiso used to monitor effectiveness of steam biow and foreign object damage Chemistry of water droplets formed in the final stages of the LP turbine, and so on. 

Fuel elements are arranged in a reactor water pool. A reactor core consists of two or more fuel elements, control rods, etc. within the pool. Steam pipes are bundled and led to a steam turbine, Fig.XIII-3. Cross-type control rods are inserted between the fuel elements from the top. 

The pressure tubes were divided into two distinct regions in the core (Fig. 5.1). Each half received its cooling water from a dedicated set of pumps and supply manifolds. Each side also supplied a separate steam drum that connected to the main steam system and turbine. The overall effect of all of this equipment was that it produced a complex myriad of pipes housed within the reactor building. 

The full-load. steam pressure will be in the order of 450 to 600 psia, and the near no-load pressure in excess of 1000 psia. The steam piping and turbine casing must be designed for this maximum pres.sure rather than the full-load pre.ssure design pressures of 1500 psia have been used for the steam. systems of the HRE-1 and HRE-2. 

The secondary circuit was then used to heat the steam for the turbines. One major problem was the NaK/steam heat exchanger. In the gas-cooled reactors, the hot gas flowed through pipes which ran through the boilers. This had obvious problems for a sodium-cooled system. Water and sodium/potassium react together very violently even at room temperature, and one of the products is hydrogen, which can form an explosive mixture with air, so any arrangement where the two could mix as a result of a leak had to be avoided. A different system had to be devised ... 

The maximum temperature of the major components such as turbines, RPV, main steam piping, reactor coolant pumps, and control rod drives has been kept within the experiences of supercritical FPPs and LWRs. The concept development started from the simplest design. If a design did not meet a goal, for example, a reactor outlet temperature of 500°C, then an alternative design was studied. 

Many problems have plagued steam generators of nuclear power plants over the last decades. Therefore, Laborelec developed its own inspection equipment and services. These were extended to other components of nuclear plants like thimbles, guide cards and baffle bolts and to classical parts of power stations like turbines, alternators, heat exchangers and piping. 

Space needs to be provided for the auxiliaries, including the lube oil and seal systems, lube oil cooler, intercoolers, and pulsation dampeners. A control panel or console is usually provided as part of the local console. This panel contains instmments that provide the necessary information for start-up and shutdown, and should also include warning and trouble lights. Access must be provided for motor repair and ultimate replacement needs to be considered. If a steam turbine is used, a surface condenser is probably required with a vacuum system to increase the efficiency. AH these additional systems need to be considered in the layout and spacing. In addition, room for pulsation dampeners required between stages has to be included. Aftercoolers may also be required with knockout dmms. Reference 8 describes the requirements of compressor layouts and provides many useful piping hints. 

---