Status, antioxidant vitamin

Nutritional status can also influence the toxic potency of carbon tetrachloride. Animal studies have clearly demonstrated that brief fasting or consumption of diets low in antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, methionine) can lead to increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. The same may be true for humans, although this is not known for certain. Another aspect of nutritional status affecting carbon tetrachloride toxicity is hepatic energy status. Hepatic ATP levels might influence the ultimate outcome of toxicity (low levels may inhibit recovery mechanisms). 

A high antioxidant vitamin status may help prevent the initiation and progression of early atherosclerotic lesion in man (106). Other dietary constituents that have an atheroprotective effect include low glycemic index, low-fat, high-protein diet (107), tomatoes (reviewed in refs. 108 and 109), and dietary soy isoflavone (110). 

Gale CR, Ashurst HE, Powers HJ, Martyn CN. Antioxidant vitamin status and carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 74 402-408. 

Situnayake et al., 1991). No correlation between disease activity and serum vitamin E concentrations was found, but it was su ested that such patients might suffer a reduced antioxidant capacity. However, it is conceivable that a decreased serum antioxidant status is a primary event in the evolution of RA. Recent studies (Heliovaara etal., 1994) have demonstrated that lowered levels of vitamin E, /3-carotene and selenium (required for glutathione peroxidase) together may be a risk fector for subsequent development of RA. 

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) depletion is the most consistent evidence of compromised antioxidant status in diabetes with reports of reduced levels and altered metabolic turnover in several tissues in experimentally induced diabetes in animals (Rikans, 1981 Yew, 1983 McLennan et al., 1988) and in patients with diabetes (Som et al., 1981 Jennings et al., 1987 Sinclair et al., 1991). 

Sea animals are rich in soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with low caloric value. Polysaccharides from marine animals have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal values in addition to their current status as a source of dietary fibers and prebiotics. Moreover, they have a lot of dietary fiber, which lowers blood cholesterol, and iodine, which improves metabolism, vascular and cardiac action, body temperature, and perspiration regulation, and are effective in... 

SUV1MAX 7.5 yr 13,017 M-F Antioxidant supplementation reduces the risk of cancer in man no risk reduction in women. The baseline /3-carotene and vitamin C status was lower in men than in women. (205)... 

In addition to proteins and calories, the patients with PEM must be replenished with respect to vitamins and micronutrients especially to enhance antioxidant status. Due to heavy vitamin A losses that occur during infections and PEM, vitamin A supplements are necessary to prevent blindness. Selenium, zinc, manganese, and cobalt are important micronutrients deficient in patients with PEM and therefore need to be replaced. These micronutrients play a vital role in the function of several enzymes (e.g., selenium in glutathione peroxidase). Iron must be excluded from the diet in the initial stage since early administration increases the risk of free-radical production and infection. 

Overall antioxidant status, as opposed to specifically vitamin E stams, can be assessed by a variety of measures of lipid peroxidation, including measurement of ... 

Vitamin C is also able to protect the hypothalamus from oxidative stress induced in rats by an environmental toxicant (Muthuvel et al., 2006). Ascorbic acid confers protection from increased free-radical activity in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats by improving total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase status, thus preventing high blood pressure and its complications (Newaz et al., 2005). Also, intravenous cerebroprotective doses of citrate/sorbitol-stabilized DHA are correlated with increased brain ascorbate levels and a suppression of excessive lipid peroxidation (Mack et al., 2006). 

The involvement of oxidative stress in AD has opened a new door for potential therapeutic targets. In this regard, several antioxidants are currently in clinical trials such as Idebenone, a-Lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), vitamin E, vitamin C, flavonoids, P-carotene, gingko biloba, and metal-chelating agents. Idebenone is a metabolic antioxidant and is normally synthesized as part of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Improvements in clinical status after treatment with idebenone have been shown in a dose-dependent manner compared to placebo and tacrine (Thai et al., 2003). 

---