Starch maleate

Xing G-X, Zhang S-F, Ju B-Z, Yang J-Z. Study on adsorption behavior of crosslinked cationic starch maleate for chromium (VI). Carbohydr Polym 2006 66 246-251. 

Biswas A, Shogren RE, Kim S, Willett JL. 2006a. Rapid preparation of starch maleate half-esters. Carbohydr Polym 64 484 87. 

Cristina RF, Andrade T. Processing and properties of cassava starch/maleated polybutadiene/organoclay hybrids. Int J Polym Mater 2013 62 362-8. 

Starch maleate of low DS exhibits lowered onset temperatures of gelatinization and high waterbinding capacity. Besides food application, it is used as foundry core binder. 

Although they lack commercial importance, many other poly(vinyl acetal)s have been synthesized. These include acetals made from vinyl acetate copolymerized with ethylene (43—46), propjiene (47), isobutjiene (47), acrylonitrile (48), acrolein (49), acrylates (50,47), aHyl ether (51), divinyl ether (52), maleates (53,54), vinyl chloride (55), diaHyl phthalate (56), and starch (graft copolymer) (47). 

Poly(vinyl acetate) is too soft and shows excessive cold flow for use in moulded plastics. This is no doubt associated with the fact that the glass transition temperature of 28°C is little above the usual ambient temperatures and in fact in many places at various times the glass temperature may be the lower. It has a density of 1.19 g/cm and a refractive index of 1.47. Commercial polymers are atactic and, since they do not crystallise, transparent (if free from emulsifier). They are successfully used in emulsion paints, as adhesives for textiles, paper and wood, as a sizing material and as a permanent starch . A number of grades are supplied by manufacturers which differ in molecular weight and in the nature of comonomers (e.g. vinyl maleate) which are commonly used (see Section 14.4.4)... 

Figure 19.3 Relative tensile strength of starch-filled polypropylenes showing the effect of maleation. (Data adapted from reference 47)...

Moad also notes that the most common grafting modifications made to polyolefins are via maleic anhydride, maleate esters, styrene, maleimides, acrylates and their esters, and vinyl silanes. Other polymer systems (Fink, 2005) that undergo grafting are polystyrene/maleic anhydride (useful for PA6/PS blends), PVC/butylmethacrylate (for improved processi-bility), PET/nadic anhydride, starch/vinyl acetate and starch/methyl acrylate (for improved water resistance). 

Maleated starch, PE or PP and biodegradable films with good Tomka, 1992 ... 

Either PE or PP and ethylene-methylacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer as compatibilizer Maleated starch (improved film properties by drawing uni- or bi-directionally, with DR < 7) Tomka, 1992 Tomka et al, 1993... 

SMA or maleated EPR, PS, PE, PP, Either starches or proteins Vaidya and Bhattachaiya, 1994... 

Zhang and Sun [211] used dioctyl maleate (DOM) as a compatibilizer in blends of PLA/starch. Using DOM as a compatibilizer markedly improved the tensile strength of the blend, even at low concentrations (below 5 %). When DOM functioned as a plasticizer at concentrations over 5 %, significant enhancement in elongation was observed. Compatibilization and plasticization took place simultaneously, which was indicated by the mechanical properties and thermal behaviour of the blends. With DOM as a polymeric plasticizer, thermal loss in the blends was not significant. Water absorption of PLA/starch blends increased with DOM concentration, whereas DOM leaching in an aqueous environment was inhibited. 

Stamid HT 3901. See Cocamide DEA Stamid LS 5487. See Soyamide DEA Sta-Mism 365] Sta-MIst 454] Sta-Mist 7415. See Food starch, modified Stampede 80EDF. See Propanil Stanclere C26. See Urea Stanclere T-186. See Dibutyltin P-mercaptopropionate Stanclere TM. See Dibutyltin maleate SUmdamid 10O, Standamid CM] Standamid CMG. See Cocamide MEA Standamid ID. See Isostearamide DEA Standamid KD. See Cocamide DEA Standamid KDL. See Lauramide DEA Standamid KDM] Standamid KDO. See Cocamide DEA... 

Com (Zea mays) starch Dextrin Diethyl toluene diamine Dilinoleic acid Dimethicone Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate Dimethylaminomethyl phenol Dimethyl hydantoin-formaldehyde polymer Dimethyl terephthalate Dioctyl maleate Dioctyl phosphite Diurethane dimethacrylate Elemi gum Epoxy, bisphenol A Epoxy, bisphenol F... 

VA/crotonates/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer VA/crotonates/vinyl propionate copolymer VA/isobutyl maleate/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer Vinyl acetate Vinyl caprolactam/PVP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer film-former, cosmetics moisturizers Diglycol/CHDM/isophthalates/SIP copolymer film-former, cream rinses Polyquatemium-2 film-former, creams Acetylated lanolin Nitrocellulose film-former, creams/lotions Arachidyl behenate PVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester film-former, detergents PVM/MA copolymer film-former, dish detergents Hydrolyzed collagen film-former, disposable gloves Ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer film-former, dusting powders Rice (Oryza sativa) starch film-former, dyes PVP/VA copolymer film-former, elastomers Dibutyl phthalate... 

Zhang J.F., Sun X., Mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic add)/starch blends with dioctyl maleate, J. Appl. Polym. ScL, 94, 2004,1697-1704. 

C.K. Chong, J. Xing, D.L. Phillips, and H. Corke, Development of NMR and raman spectroscopic methods for the determination of the degree of substitution of maleate in modified starches. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2702-2708 (2001). 

The melt rheological behaviour in terms of Mooney viscosity, apparent shear stress, and apparent shear viscosity at 100 of two types of blends that included a blend between maleated STR 5L (MNR) and cassava starch and a... 

Maleation of starch nanoparticles occurred slowly. In 12h the D.S. was 0.1 and it increased to 0.4 by 48h. The reactions with maleic anhydride were performed in the presence of hydroquinone to avoid the possibility of free-radical side reactions. Furthermore, when succinic anhydride was used in place of maleic anhydride, its reactivity was similarly slow. 

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