Starburst dendrimer

The control of the pore size of porous silica gel by the structure of the organic polymer has been accomplished by using the so-called starburst dendrimer as an... 

The first true dendrimers were the polyamidoamines (PAMAMs). They are also known as starburst dendrimers, and the term starburst is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company, who have commercialized these materials for a range of applications. These dendrimers use ammonia as the core molecule, and this is reacted with methyl acrylate in the presence of methanol, after which ethylenediamine is added. This is shown in Scheme 9.2. 

Tomalia, D.A. et al. Dendritic macromolecules—Synthesis of starburst dendrimers, Macromolecules, 19, 2466-2468, 1986. 

The complexes of anionic starburst dendrimers with calcium ions are considerably stronger for higher generations than for lower generations. The particle... 

In a more recent paper, Roy et al. reported on the synthesis and biological pro -perties of mannosylated Starburst dendrimers [46]. In addition to the presence of good biological properties in ligand- and inhibitor-tests, these dendrimers were shown to constitute novel biochromatography materials of high affinity for the rapid and easy isolation and purification of carbohydratebinding proteins from crude mixtures. 

In 1994 we published the first chiral dendrimers built from chiral cores and achiral branches [ 1,89], see for instance dendrimer 57 with a core from hydroxy-butanoic acid and diphenyl-acetaldehyde and with twelve nitro-groups at the periphery (Fig. 21). As had already been observed with starburst dendrimers, compound 57 formed stable clathrates with many polar solvent molecules, and it could actually only be isolated and characterized as a complex [2 (57- EtO-Ac (8 H20))]. Because no enantioselective guest-host complex formation could be found, and since compounds of type 57 were poorly soluble, and could thus not be easily handled, we have moved on and developed other systems to investigate how the chirality of the core might be influencing the structure of achiral dendritic elongation units. 

D. A. Tomalia, A. M. Naylor, and W. A. Goddard, Starburst dendrimers-molecular level control of size, shape, surface chemistry, topology, and flexibility from atoms to macroscopic matter, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 29 (1990) 138-175. 

Roberts, J.C., Adams, Y.E., Tomalia, D., Mercer-Smith, J.A., and Lavallee, D.K. (1990) Using starburst dendrimers as linker molecules to radiolabel antibodies. Bioconjugate Chem. 1(5), 305-308. 

Singh, P. (1998) Terminal groups in starburst dendrimers Activation and reactions with proteins. Bioconjugate Chem. 9, 54-63. 

Wilbur, S.D., Pathare, P.M., Hamlin, D.K., Buhler, K.R., and Vessella, R.L. (1998) Biotin reagents for antibody pretargeting. 3. Synthesis, radioiodination, and evaluation of biotinylated starburst dendrim-ers. Bioconjugate Chem. 9, 813-825. 

Kukowska-Latallo, J. F., Bielinska, A. U., Chen, C., Rymaszewski, M., Tomalia, D. A. and Baker J. R. Jr. Gene transfer using starburst dendrimers , in Kabanov, A. V., Feigner, P. L. and Seymour, L. W. (eds) Self-Assembling Complexes for Gene Delivery, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1998, pp. 241-253. 

Starburst dendrimers , commonly referred to as dendrimers [1,2] can fulfill all... 

Our results have shown that the use of STARBURST dendrimers for the covalent coupling of the molecules of biological interest can lead to a reproduc-ibly performing product with very little impact on the biological activity of the immobilized protein. By careful optimization of the reaction parameters, it has... 

Moll III, F., Lin, S. H., Singh, P. and Cronin, P. Nanoscopic technology characterization of Starburst dendrimer reagents for immunoassays , PITTCON 95. March 1995, New Orleans, La. Abstract 922. 

Roberts, J., Bhalgat, M. and Zera, R. T. (1996) Preliminary evaluation of poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dendrimers. J. Biomedical. Materials Res., 30, 53 (1996). 

Since the dendrimers discovery occurred in a Dow corporate laboratory, the period 1979-1983 was spent filing many of the original dendrimer composition of matter patents [62-71]. The key Dow Starburst dendrimer research team... 

This lecture exposed these rather revolutionary concepts to an elite scientific community in Europe. Secondly, an invitation by Dr. P. Golitz (Editor, Angew. Chem.) to publish an important review [20] entitled Starburst dendrimers molecular-level control of size, shape, surface chemistry, topology and flexibility from atoms to macroscopic matter provided broad exposure to the basic concepts underlying dendrimer chemistry. Finally, important contributions by key researchers significantly expanded the realm of dendrimer chemistry with the convergent synthesis approach of Frechet and Elawker [37] (Figure 4), as well as the systematic and critical photophysical characterization of Turro et al [38],... 

Benters et al. (2002) of the University of Bremen in Germany utilized starburst dendrimers to create polymeric surface coatings for glass substrates in an effort to increase sensitivity for DNA microarrays (Figure 3.18). Ami-nosilane or epoxysilane chemistries were applied to glass substrates. The... 

Tomalia DA. Starburst dendrimers—nanoscopic supermolecules according to dendritic rules and principles. Macromol Symp 1996 101 243-255. 

Boris D, Rubinstein M. A self-consistent mean held model of a starburst dendrimer dense core vs dense shell. Macromolecules 1996 29 7251-7260. 

Gopidas KR, Leheny AR, Caminati G, Turro NJ, TomaUa DA. Photophysical investigation of similarities between starburst dendrimers and anionic micelles. J Am Chem Soc 1991 13 ... 

Mansfield ML, Klushin LI. Intrinsic viscosity of model starburst dendrimers. J Phys Chem 1992 96 3994-3998. 

Ottaviani MF, Bossmann S, Turro NJ, Tomalia DA. Characterization of starburst dendrimers by the EPR technique. 1. Copper complexes in water solution. J Am Chem Soc 1994 116 661 671. 

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