Starburst dendrimers poly amidoamine

High-molecular mass surfactants such as butyl acrylate-butyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer sodium salts, starburst dendrimers, poly(amidoamines), and diaminobutane-based poly(propyleneimine) as well as cationic polyelectrolytes (ionenes) had all been presented as successful secondary phases for aromatic compounds. The determination of 10 nitrophenols in glycine buffers modified by 3-CD (0-10 mmolL" ) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (0.5-2.5% w/v) is an example of application of polymer-based electrolytes to rain, tap, and process water. ... 

D. Page and R. Roy, Synthesis and biological properties of mannosylated starburst Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, Bioconjug. Chem., 8 (1997) 714—723. 

Roberts, J., Bhalgat, M. and Zera, R. T. (1996) Preliminary evaluation of poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dendrimers. J. Biomedical. Materials Res., 30, 53 (1996). 

In 1979, while working for Dow Chemical Co., Donald A. Tomalia discovered Starburst dendrimers, which are poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers prepared by a so-called divergent synthesis [25]. These structures are some of the best characterized and most extensively utilized dendritic polymers in the field of bioscience. Other widely known den-drimer structures are polyethers, which were reported in 1990 by Frdchet [26], and poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers from the groups of Womer and Miilhaupt [27] and de Brabander-van den Berg and Meijer [28]. Smaller PPI dendrons were described by Vogtle et al. already in 1978 [29]. 

Tomalia-type poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and their use as precise, fundamental building blocks to form poly(dendrimers) or so-called starburst polymers. These poly(dendrimers) are now referred to as megamers [35,36] and are described in more detail later. Other pioneers in the dendritic polymer field include Vogtle, New-kome, Frechet, and others. These historical contributions have been reviewed recently [33],... 

Starburst dendrimers have received considerable attention in the area of heterogeneous catalyst synthesis in the last decade. Although Tomalia et al. and Bosman et al. originally discovered these hyperbranched macromolecules and their host-guest properties in the mid-1980s. Crooks and coworkers were the first to demonstrate the ability of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) starburst dendrimers to act as metal nanoparticle stabilizers that could potentially aid in the synthesis of supported metal catalysts. The benchmark work of Crooks et al. and subsequent literature reports have underscored the advantages of successfully utilizing PAMAM dendrimer-nanocomposite precursors over conventional catalyst preparation methods. 

FIGURE 9.1 Structure of a 2nd generation amine-terminated (G2NH2) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) starburst dendrimer. (Courtesy of Dendritech, Inc., http //www.den-dritech.com/pamam.html.)... 

More recently, non-traditional polymerization strategies have evolved to produce a fourth new major polymer architecmral class, now referred to as dendritic polymers [43]. This new architectural polymer class consists of four major subsets (1) random hyperbranched, (2) dendrigrafts, (3) dendrons and (4) dendrimers. Dendrimers, the most extensively studied subset were discovered by the Tomalia group while in The Dow Chemical Company laboratories (1979) and represent the first example of synthetic, macromolecular dendritic architecture [43,44]. First use of the term dendrimer appeared in preprints for the first SPSJ International Polymer Conference, held in Kyoto, Japan in 1984 [45]. The following year, a full article in Polymer Journal [46] (Fig. 8) described the first preparation of a complete family of Tomalia-type poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G = 1-7) and their use as precise, fundamental building blocks to form poly (dendrimers) or so-called starburst polymers. These poly(dendrimers) are now referred to as megamers [47, 48] and are described in more detail later in Sect. 6.4.3. Other pioneers in the dendritic polymer field include Vogtle, Newkome, Frechet, Majoral, and others. These historical contributions have been reviewed recently [52]. ... 

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