Staphylococcus aureus phage

Another important advance has been the application of PyMS with ANNs to discriminate between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureusIn this study DFA and HCA showed that the major source of variation between the pyrolysis mass spectra of 15 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 22 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains resulted from the phage group of the bacteria, rather than from their resistance or sensitivity to methicillin. By contrast, ANNs could recognize those aspects of the pyrolysis mass spectra that differentiated MRSA and MSSA strains. These results gave the first demonstration that the combination of PyMS with ANNs could provide a rapid and accurate antibiotic-susceptibility testing technique. 

In order to determine whether compounds identified in the primary HTS screen are specific, a counterscreen is required to identify and eliminate false positives that will arise in the primary screen. For protein—protein interaction screens, it is preferable to test an unrelated protein pair that uses the same mode of detection. For our purposes, we adapted a previously described TR-FRET assay that monitors the interaction between bacterial Staphylococcus aureus Dnal and phage protein 77ORF104 (Liu et al., 2004). 

Cox RA, Conquest C, Mallaghan C, Marples RR (1995) A major outbreak of methiciUin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus caused by a new phage-type (EMRSA-16). J Hosp Infect 29 87-106 Dalsgaard A, Forslund A, Fussing V (1999) Traditional ribotyping shows a higher discrimination than the automated RiboPrinter system in typing Vibrio cholerae Ol. Lett Appl Microbiol 28 327-333... 

Endo Y, Yamada T, Matsunaga K, Hayakawa Y, Kaidoh T, Takeuchi S (2003) Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis. Vet Microbiol 96 81-90... 

Tormo MA, Ferrer MD, Maiques E, Ubeda C, Selva L, Lasa I, Calvete JJ, Novick RP, Penades JR (2008) Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island DNA is packaged in particles composed of phage proteins, J. J Bacteriol 190 2434-2440... 

Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Takami H, Nakasone K, Ohnishi M, Nakayama K, Yamada S, Komatsuzawa H, Sugar M (2000) Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 38 694-705 Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Takami H, Ohnishi M, Murata T, Nakayama K, Asakawa K, Ohara M, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M (2001) Complete nucleotide sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B plasmid and identification of a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, EDIN-C. Infect Immun 69 7760-7771... 

Balasubramanian S, Sorokulova IB, Vodianov VJ, Simonian AL (2007) Lytic phage as aspecific and selective probe for detection of staphylococcus aureus - a surface plasmon resonance study. Biosens Bioelectron 22 948-955... 

Heilmann, C., et ah. Platelet-binding domains in 2 fibrinogen-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus identified by phage display. / Infect Dis 2002, 786, 32-39. 

Antibody fragment libraries from immunized and nonimmunized sources can be used in phage display and peptide libraries are commercially available. An alternative technique is to design protein aptamers that consist of a stable protein scaffold on which random peptides are displayed. An example of protein aptamers are affibodies, which present a library of 13 randomized amino acids on the Z domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Crystal structure studies indicate similarity in the binding of an affibody to its target to protein-antibody interactions. However, affibodies have a dissociation constant of approximately 1 /.tM compared to antibody-antigen complexes ofl nM orless(H3, Rl, Wl). 

We have extensive test data where we challenged nano alirmina filters with various bacteria (E. coli, R. terrigina, B. globiggi, B. diminuta). We found that all such bacteria in the presence of a food source, can proliferate on the filter, and we therefore presume the filters are compatible with bacteria. We have also collected MS2 vims on NanoCeram and have been able to recover -90% of viable phage. The toxicity of raw nano alumina fiber towards E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis, B. pumilis, and Candida albicans has been... 

Fig. 13.4 Workflow for a phage-amplification assay using stable-isotope labeled phages to simultaneously determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in a sample, as well as the susceptibility of microorganism to two antibiotics—clindamycin and cefoxitin. (Reprinted with permission from Rees et al. (2015), copyright 2015, American Chemical Society)...

CAPPARELLI, R., PARLATO, M., BORRIELLO, G., SALVATORE, P. lANNELU, D. (2007) Experimental phage therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51,2765. 

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