Standard Sizes

Relief valves are most often sold using the standard orifice sizes shown in Table 13-3. Once a required area is calculated from the applicable formulas, the next larger standard orifice size is specified. 

Each relief valve should be equipped with inlet piping no smaller than the valve inlet flange size, and inlet piping should be as short as practi- 

Relief valves vented to the atmosphere should have tail pipes equal to or larger in diameter than the relief valve outlet that extend vertically a minimum of one foot above building eaves, or eight feet above adjacent platforms on operating areas. The tail pipes should be provided with a drain located such that the exhaust through the drain hole does not impinge on vessels, piping, other equipment or personnel. 

If relief valves discharge to a common header, it is sometimes convenient to install downstream block valves so that the relief valve can be removed for repairs without shutdown of all equipment tied into the common header. Where either upstream or downstream block valve.s are used they should be full bore gate or ball valves with a device that enables them to be locked open and sealed. These are often referred to as 

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American Paper Institute 260 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Physical standards, sizes, gauges, definitions of paper and paperboard. 

Particles smaller than 44 p.m (—325 mesh) are called fines 44 p.m is the finest sieve used on a large-volume basis (U.S. Standard). Size determination of fines is described elsewhere (10,11). 

The standard sized sheets are four ft (1.22 m) wide and from 8 to 16 ft long. Sheets are available in thicknesses from j up to 1 in. (0.63 to 2.5 cm), but the most common thicknesses are S and 5/8 in. (1.3 and 1.6 cm). There are special products for bathrooms, such as moisture-resistant board (3% of market) and sheathing appHcations (2% of market), but the vast majority of the product sold is either standard board (60% of market) or the fire-rated Type X board (29% of market). Type X (1.6 cm thick) is the basis of most of the one-hour fire walls in buildings built since the 1960s. 

Polachrome is provided in standard-size 35-mm cassettes. Its processing is carried out in a Polaroid Autoprocessor using a processing pack that contains a reagent pod and a strip sheet (98). 

Polachrome films are used in standard 35-mm cameras, and the sHdes are mounted in standard size 5x5 cm (2x2 in.) mounts for projection in conventional 35-mm equipment. Because of the density of the color base (about 0.7) the Polachrome sHdes are most effective when viewed either using a bright rear projection unit or in a weU-darkened projection room. 

Product particle sizes vary from standard size of 6/14 mesh—U.S. Std. Sieves to mini-size granules of 10/16 mesh—U.S. Std. Sieves for small particle blends, to micro-size granules of 14/35-U.S. Std. Sieves for use on golf course tees and greens. Approximate mm corresponding to mesh sizes are 6 mesh/3.36 mm 10 mesh /2 mm 35 mesh/0.5 mm. 

Table 10-18 gives standard size and waU-thickness combinations together with capacity and weight. 

Seamless copper tubing is sold in water-tubing sizes (ASTM B88 and B306). These sizes are identified by a standard size designation dimensionally Vh in less than the nominal outside diameter. The tubing is also sold as outside-diameter copper tubing (ASTM B280). 

Standard size, in Annealed Drawn Wall thickness Tolerancef Wall thickness Tolerancef Wall thickness Tolerancef Type K Type L Type M... 

TABLE 10-38 Standard Sizes of Impervious Graphite Pipe ... 

Performance and Cost Data for Indirect-Heat Rotary Steam-Tube Dryers Table 12-22 contains data for a number of standard sizes of steam-tube diyers. Prices tabulated are for ordinaiy carbon steel construction. Installed costs will run from 150 to 300 percent of purchase cost. 

Micronizer mills are constructed in nine standard sizes from 5 to 107 cm (2 to 42 in) in diameter, with capacities from 250 g/h to 1.8 Mg/h i h Ib/h to 2 tons/h). The feed size should be smaller than 1 cm i A in). Production rate, fluid consumption, and fineness figures are shown in Table 20-26. 

TABLE 20-29 Selected Standard Sizes of Coarse Aggregate ... 

Since this type of conveyor is available in only one standard size, its capacity is determined by the belt speed and the fixed cross-sectional area. Tons-per-hour capacity is figured by multiplying the bulk density in pounds per cubic foot by the speed in feet per minute and a constant of 0.0021. Power requirements are quite low and figured in the same way as those for conventional belt conveyors. 

There is no single standard size or shape for corrosion-test coupons. They usually weigh from 10 to 50 g and preferably have a large sur-face-to-mass ratio. Disks 40 mm (IV2 in) in diameter by 3.2 mm Vh in) thick and similarly dimensioned square and rectangular coupons are... 

In view of their easy adaptability, they are manufactured in standard sizes suitable for common types of load applications. They are therefore available on short deliveries, in smaller ranges, say, from I kW to 200 kW. They can be selected for the required service conditions, as a motor is selected to suit a particular load requirement from the available sizes of couplings. 

The nearest standard size available is 475 mm which is acceptable. 

Transmission of load and suitability of bearings 8/213 Table 8.9 Nominal inside lengths, pitch lengths L for all standard sizes of multiple V-belts... 

The standard size of aluminium flat nearest to this is... 

From an FMEA of the system design, a Severity Rating S) = 1 was allocated, relating to a safety critical failure in service. It is required to find the optimum unequal angle section size from the standard sizes available. It is assumed that the load is carried at the section s centre of gravity, G, and only stresses due to bending of the section are considered, that is, the torsional effects are minimal. The combined weight of the beam and tie rod are not to be taken into account. 

The licensor s basis for sizing has already been discussed and agreed to or changed. For an olefin plant, the number of steam crackers of the licensor s standard size is firm. For a new process, reactor scaleup methods have been agreed to. For a coal gasification plant, gasifier size. 

The use of activated carbon canisters in the control of running loss evaporative emissions will be presented through the use of an example vehicle application. In this example, the vehicle to be studied is a representative standard size sedan equipped with a 3.0 liter, V6 engine and a 72 liter (18 gallon) fuel tank. The vehicle is assumed to have an evaporative emission control system similar to the one presented in Section 3. 

Also important is the interplay between different sensors, controllers, automation equipment, and objects regulated by the control equipment. The requirements of pumps, fans, batteries, heat exchanger, valves, motors, etc. in standard sizes may greatly differ from the theoretical calculations. Because of this fact, the control equipment, in addition to satisfactory control, must be capable of correcting the differences between the calculated and delivered subproducts. 

For HEPA filters, the major design paranieter is the system airflow, which can be used to establish the size and number of HEPA filters required. The penetration, resistance, and airflow are determined by the manufacturer before the filter is shipped from the factory." Table 13.7 gives the standard sizes for HEPA filters. 

A burner must be chosen from the standard sizes in Tabic 2-12. For example, if the heat duty is calculated to be 2.3 MMBtu/hr, then a standard 2.5 MMBtu/hr fire tube should be selected. 

Shodex has a wide variety of columns for organic GPC using organic solvents. The columns are packed with porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer gels especially developed for GPC use. Five types of standard-size GPC columns packed with different solvents are available. Downsized GPC columns are also available. 

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