Stabilization electrokinetic mechanism

It used to be thought that cations simply precipitated polyanions, but it was recognized later that electrolytes had special valence and solvent-mediated effects on a hydrosol other than neutralization of opposite charges (Holmes, 1922). It is now firmly established that ionization of the carboxyl and sulfuric acid groups in ionic polysaccharides, or adsorption of ions on neutral macromolecules, is an initial step in electrokinetic mechanisms of stabilization and destabilization. 

At the beginning, the electric double layer at the solid-aqueous electrolyte solution interface was characterized by the measurements of the electrokinetic potential and stability of dispersed systems. Later, the investigations were supported by potentiometric titration of the suspension, adsorption and calorimetric measurements [2]. Now, much valuable information on the mechanism of the ion adsorption can be obtained by advanced spectroscopic methods (especially infrared ATR and diffuse spectroscopy) [3], Mosbauer spectroscopy [4] and X-ray spectroscopy [5]. Some data concerning the interface potential were obtained with MOSFET [6], and AFM [7]. An enthalpy of the reaction of the metal oxide-solution systems can be obtained by... 

His research interests have included many aspects of colloid and interface science applied to the petroleum industry, including research into mechanisms of processes for the improved recovery of light, heavy, or bituminous crude oils, such as in situ foam, polymer or surfactant flooding, and surface hot water flotation from oil sands. These mostly experimental investigations have involved the formation and stability of dispersions (foams, emulsions, and suspensions) and their flow properties, electrokinetic properties, interfacial properties, phase attachments, and the reactions and interactions of surfactants in solution. 

Adsorption of enteric viruses on mineral surfaces in soil and aquatic environments is well recognized as an important mechanism controlling virus dissemination in natural systems. The adsorption of poliovirus type 1, strain LSc2ab, on oxide surfaces was studied from the standpoint of equilibrium thermodynamics. Mass-action free energies are found to agree with potentials evaluated from the DLVO-Lifshitz theory of colloid stability, the sum of electrodynamic van der Waals potentials and electrostatic double-layer interactions. The effects of pH and ionic strength as well as electrokinetic and dielectric properties of system components are developed from the model in the context of virus adsorption in extra-host systems. 

As for the overall metal removal efficiency, the best results were obtained for Pb and Zn as well as Cd (if precipitation at the cathode is considered), with more than 60% of each metal being mobilized as a result of the electrokinetic process. This result is likely related to multiple mechanisms, including speciation of trace metals in the original sediment, thermodynamic stability, and formation kinetics of metal-EDTA complexes, as well as ionic mobility of individual trace metal ions. However, due to the presumably interconnected effects of the mentioned mechanisms, a precise quantification of their individual contribution to trace metal removal from sediment is hard to be attained. 

The electrical double layer (edl) at the oil-water interface is a heterogeneous interfacial region that separates two bulk phases of polarized media and maintains a spatial separation of charges. EDLs at such interfaces determine the kinetics of charge transfer across phase boundaries, stability and electrokinetic properties of lyophobic colloids, mechanisms of phase transfer or interfacial catalysis, charge separation in natural and artificial photosynthesis, and heterogeneous enzymatic catalysis [1-5]. 

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