Stab mixtures

Fig. 6. Log Q vs. log c for PVC compounds. O Based on Vinnol H60D/D0P/stab mixtures. Q. Vinnol H70d/D0P/stab 100/50/4, jO Vinnol H8OF/D0P/stab 100/100/4, Vinnol H60d/Tricresylphos-pbate/stab 100/100/4.

Ingredient Common stab mixtures (%) Special purpose mixtures (%) ... 

Detonators are used to detonate high explosives. Stab detonators are initiated by sharp firing pins and are used in explosive trains of different types of fuses. Flash detonators are initiated by flames produced by safety fuses, primers, or delay elements. A special type of flash detonator ignited by the flame of a safety fuse is called a blasting cap. Detonators are primarily composed of three types of explosives including sinoxid mixtures, lead azide-based mixtures, and mercury fulminate-based mixtures. 

These primers can be used not only in small arms but also in some pyrotechnic devices and fuzes. All simple primers are small in size, 0.21 to 0.31 inch in diam and 0.12 to 0.23 inches long for rifle ammunition and slightly Smaller for carbines. They contain only one small charge of primary expl or a mixture which must have sufficient sensitivity to be initiated either by the crushing or stab action of a firing pin... 

In addition to compns of priming mixtures PA 100 PomPom No 74, given in Fig 3-1 of Ref 23, there are some other mixts which are used in stab primers. They are listed on p 2-10 p 3-2 of Ref 23 ... 

Method No 207a. US Military Spec MIL-D-45441C (MU) (1966) covers the requirements of Stab Detonator M61, while MIL-D-462098B (MU) (1968) covers the requirements of Detonator M44E1. Composition of primer mixture for each of these detonators is the same as listed in Method No 207, except that Basic LSt can be replaced by Normal LSt. Following are the procedures ... 

Mixture No 92 - NLSt 40.-2 Sb sulfide (Grade I, class a) 60.-2% (p VIIG). This mixt has been used as a primer chge (20 mg) in Stab Detonators T92 T93 with LA (90 mg) as an intermediate chge and RDX (34 mg) as a base chge (p VIIE)... 

J. Kim, K. Lee, K. Lee, J. Bae, J. Yang, and S. Hong, Studies on the thermal stabilization enhancement of ABS synergistic effect of triphenyl phosphate nanocomposite, epoxy resin, and silane coupling agent mixtures, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 79(2) 201-207, 2003. 

Camino, G., Costa L., and Trossarelli, L. 1984. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers Part II—Mechanism of action in polypropylene-ammonium polyphosphate-pentaerythritol mixtures. Polym. Deg. Stab. 7(1) 25-31. 

J. Yanik, M. A. Uddin, K. Ikeuchi, and Y. Sakata, The catalytic effect of red mud on the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) containing polymer mixture into fuel oil, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 73, 335 (2001). 

C. Tang, Y. Z. Wang, Q. Zhou, and L. Zhang, Catalytic effect of Al-Zn composite catalyst on the degradation of PVC-containing polymer mixtures into pyrolysis oil, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 81, 89 (2003). 

K. -H. Lee, D. -H. Shin and Y. -H. Seo, Liquid-phase catalytic degradation of mixtures of waste high-density polyethylene and polystyrene over spent FCC catalyst. Effect of mixing proportions of reactant. Polymer Degrad. Stab., 84, 123-127... 

I. C. McNeill and L. Memetea, Pyrolysis products of poly(vinyl chloride), dioctyl phthalate and their mixture, Polym. Degr. Stab., 43, 9-25 (1994). 

Membrane-bound or -associated Oxido reductases P furiosus enzymes t0.s(100 C) = 4h 115°C Stab, by (1 species) mixture of diff. species [65-67]... 

NaY (Katalistiksj Si/Al=2 56) was used as a starting material for preparation of NH, K, Cs exchanged samples and three series of stab.lliJed Y-zeolites. Nickel was introduced before molybdenum by ion-exchange from Wi(NO )2 solution. Molybdenum was incorporated into the zeolite by sublimation of Mo(CO) in hydrogen stream at room temperature. Sulfided and non-sulfided Mo Y and Ni-Mo-Y samples were characterized with XRD, ND sorption capacity and FTIR spectroscopy. Each sample (0.25 g. 0.5-1 mm grains) was partially decarbonylated at 425 K before the WGS reaction and next presulfided with 1 2 vo1 %)/H2 mixture at 675 K, Catalysts after pre-... 

In stab and percussion detonators (Figure 1), motion of the firing pin initiates a deflagration in a sensitive primary mixture, such as NOL-130 (a mixture of 40% lead styphnate, 20% lead azide, 15% antimony sulfide. 20% barium nitrate, and 5% tetrazene) [2], The upper illustration shows a typical stab detonator. Its function is to ignite rapidly and produce enough output to detonate a lead over a small gap ( 0.127 cm). Such a detonator is mounted "out-of-line" in the train, while the lead is "in-line" with a booster charge. Lead azide is initiated rapidly by the primer and detonates with sufficient impulse to detonate the output charge (RDX). 

As discussed above, the ignition of primer mixtures in a detonator can be caused by the action of a firing pin (a stab), by heat (from a hot wire or flame), or by shock (from an exploding wire or fast-moving fragments), hi most detonators containing lead azide, a stab action or electric ignition by a hot wire is used. 

The analysis of the separation system should determine the appropriate simulation models. The simulation of the train of distillation columns may be studied in a separate flowsheet (Fig. 3.4). After pressure reduction through the valve VI, the liquid mixture enters the stabiliser (Stab) where dissolved gases are removed. An appropriate model is Rigorous Distillation with vapour distillate. After a second pressure reduction through the valve V2, the separation of benzene, toluene and Heavies takes place in a second column (Dist), for which the same rigorous distillation model is used. 

USM2 for the production of biodegradable plastics. Ph.D dissertation. Universiti Sains Malaysia Bhubalan K, Lee W-H, Loo C-Y, Yamamoto T, Tsuge T, Doi Y, Sudesh K (2(X)8) Controlled biosynthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from mixtures of palm kernel oil and 3HV-precursors. Polym Degrad Stab 93 17-23... 

Basically identical drop-test methods have been devised for determining the sensitivity of stab or percussion primers. Stevenson discussed the method used at Frankford Arsenal with special modifications for an investigation of variations in a tracer igniter mixture and their relation to impact sensitivity. 

G Camino and L Costa, Thermal degradation of polymer-fire retardant mixtures - 1 , Polym Deg Stab 1981 3 423. 

Sivalingam, G., Madras, G. Thermal degradation of binary physical mixtures and copolymers of poly(8-caprolactone), poly(D, L-lactide), poly(glycolide). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 84,... 

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