Sprung acids

Sprung acids can also contain naphthenic acids or paraifinic HC when the paraffinic HC are present in sufficiently significant concentrations. 

As a result, two phases are formed sprung acids and water, or sometimes three (polysulfides or even precipitates of Na2S04). 

Acidified spent caustic specific gravity varies from 1.01 to 1.06 whereas sprung acid specific gravity depends on the dominant make up in phenolic acids (sp.gr. from 1.02 to 1.05), in HC (sp.gr. from 0.75 to 0.9) or even in disulfides (sp.gr. from 0.95 to 1.05). 

Experience shows that the layer of sprung acids forms in 15 min to a few hours and almost always in the upper part of a test tube. This is due to the difference in real specific gravities or to assisted flotation promoted by the amount of H S and CO2 degassing into the atmosphere, something that would not happen in a pressurized vessel. 

Stripping is located upstream or downstream from the sprung acid separator according to... 

The first report on homoorganylsilsesquioxanes appeared in 1955 when Sprung and Guenther identified products of the acid hydrolysis of methyltributoxysilane of the structure (CHjSiOj jlgOSiCHjCOC Hg). 

Sprung and Guenther (74) treated methyltriomethoxysilane in benzene solution with three molar equivalents of water, and isolated only a water soluble, highly hydrated "poly(methylsiliconic acid). With lower ratios of water to methyltrimethoxysilane, both linear and cyclic products,... 

Some less reliable H bond interpretations of dissociation data have been made. For example, Dippy (526) proposed that a G—H- -O bond from 7 carbon to C=0 formed a ring in C4-Cg acids, to account for the fact that their ionization constants do not fall as rapidly as do those of C2 and Cs acids. A case in aromatic compounds is given by Arnold and Sprung (64). Some later work (907) makes use of the same idea to explain the Ka of a partially fluorinated valeric acid, (CF8(GH2)sGOOH). This scheme of H bonding hzis not been substantiated, and there is still controversy—the discussion at the end of one of Katch2ilsky s papers is illustrative (1089). 

Trinitro-toluene has sprung into prominence as a substitute for picric acid, chiefly owing to its freedom from acidic properties, its lower melting point, and great stability. Of the various isomers the one having the structure... 

To recover vanillin by the Howard Smith method from waste sulfite lye, the lye is mixed in a pressure reactor with equal amounts of nitrobenzene (oxidizing agent) and sodium hydroxide (Figure 3.61). The mixture is then heated to 200 °C and boiled for 1 to 2 hours. After depressurizing, the reaction product is sprung with CO2. In general, only a small quantity of sulfuric acid is added for full acidification. The liberated vanillin is extracted from the mixture in an extractor with benzene or butanol afterwards the solvent is distilled off. 

The acidification requited to liberate H2S was used to free the supersaturated "sprung oils and acids". These are mainly made up of cresylic acids and there was an attempt to find a market for them. The low solubility of the acids allows sufficient precipitation, if the initial spent caustic is concentrated enough in them. This use is no longer profitable due to the low cost of synthetic phenols. 

But it was known that fumarase catalyses the malate-fiimarate transformation, and that malic dehydrogenase catalyses the oxaloacetate-malate conversion. From which facts sprung a new formulation of the cycle of the dicarboxylic acids. 

M. M. Kerssens, C. Sprung, G. T. Whiting and B. M. Weckhuysen, Selective Staining of Zeolite Acidity Recent Progress and Future Perspectives on Fluorescence Microscopy, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2014,189,136. 

Kemper WM, Berry KW, Merrick WC (1976) Purification and properties of rabbit reticulocyte protein synthesis initiation factors M2Balpha and M2Bbeta. J Biol Chem 251 5551-5557 Kim SC, Sprung R, Chen Y et al (2006a) Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. Mol Cell 23 607-618 Kim YS, Kang KR, Wolff EC d al (2006b) Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase is a Fe(ll)-dependent, HEAT-repeat enzyme. Identification of amino acid residues critical for Fe(II) binding and catalysis [corrected]. J Biol Chem 281 13217—13225... 

Carbonic acid, water and ammonia, contain the elements necessary for the support of animals and vegetables. The same substances are the ultimate products of the chemical processes of decay and putrefaction. All the innumerable products of vitality resume, after death, the original form from which they sprung. And thus death—the complete dissolution of an existing generation—becomes the sources of life for a new one. ... 

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