Acids specific gravity

Commercial acetaldehyde has the following typical specifications assay, 99% min color, water-white acidity, 0.5% max (acetic acid) specific gravity, 0.790 at 20°C bp, 20.8°C at 101.3 kPa (1 atm). It is shipped in steel dmms and tank cars bearing the ICC red label. In the Hquid state, it is noncorrosive to most metals however, acetaldehyde oxidizes readily, particularly in the vapor state, to acetic acid. Precautions to be observed in the handling of acetaldehyde have been pubHshed (103). 

Stannous Sulfate. Stannous sulfate (tin(Il) sulfate), mol wt 214.75, SnSO, is a white crystalline powder which decomposes above 360°C. Because of internal redox reactions and a residue of acid moisture, the commercial product tends to discolor and degrade at ca 60°C. It is soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and in water (330 g/L at 25°C). The solubihty in sulfuric acid solutions decreases as the concentration of free sulfuric acid increases. Stannous sulfate can be prepared from the reaction of excess sulfuric acid (specific gravity 1.53) and granulated tin for several days at 100°C until the reaction has ceased. Stannous sulfate is extracted with water and the aqueous solution evaporates in vacuo. Methanol is used to remove excess acid. It is also prepared by reaction of stannous oxide and sulfuric acid and by the direct electrolysis of high grade tin metal in sulfuric acid solutions of moderate strength in cells with anion-exchange membranes (36). 

Hydrochloric acid is to be obtained in the cheapest form possible. This is as 18 Baume acid, which is 27.9% hydrochloric acid (specific gravity =1.142). The material will be shipped by 8,000 gal tank truck from a site less than 200 miles away. 

Concentrated nitric acid (specific gravity -1.42) was purchased from Fisher Scientific Company and used without further purification. 

Renal dysfunctions can be diagnosed by different methods, depending on the severity of the condition. Examination of urine, which is produced by the kidneys, provides an important indication of renal insufficiency. The urine output, color, odor, acidity, specific gravity, and constituents are important prognostic factors of kidney status. However, in critically ill patients and in acute renal failures induced by several diseases including multiple organ failures and diabetes, urine examination may be impractical and redundant. Such patients require reliable and simple methods to diagnose the onset of renal failure. 

In the 1890s Konovalov observed166 that alkanes undergo nitration in the liquid phase by dilute nitric acid (specific gravity 1.075) in a sealed tube (120-130°C). Other Russian chemists made additional important basic observations of the reaction.162 167 168... 

The developer Is mads thus t—Dissolve one ounce of powdered nitrate of baryte In sis teen ounces of boiling distilled water, and when cold, add two drachms of nitric acid, specific gravity 1 42. Next add one ounce and a half of powdered protosnlphate of Iron. Shake well until the iron salt is dissolved. The mixture becomes white and turbid, in consequence of the formation of sulphate of baryta. Let this settle to the bottom of the battle, and then decant and filter the clear liquid, which is of a green color, and is a mixture of protonitrate and protosnlphate of iron. Add two ounces of alcohol to make It flow better Over the collodion, film. It Is now ready for use. It deteriorates by keeping, and acts much better when fresh. 

Preparation of Mercury Fulminate. Five grams of mercury is added to 35 cc. of nitric acid (specific gravity 1.42) in a 100-cc. Erlenmeyer... 

Reagents. 1. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid, 30%. Dilute 300 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (specific gravity 1.18) to 1 liter in a volumetric flask with water, cool to 20° C., and adjust the volume to 1 liter with water if necessary. 

Dilute Hydrochloric Acid, 5%. Dilute 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid (specific gravity 1.18) to 2 liters with water. 

The available spectral and calculated (Pariser-Parr-Pople method) data constitute evidence for a decrease in electron density in the benzene ring and activation of the 5-position to electrophilic attack in the 4-hydroxythiazinone (203) (79KGS44). Nitration was carried out in organic solvents at -60°C. The best results were obtained in the case of nitration with nitric acid (specific gravity = 1.42) in glacial acetic acid containing catalytic amounts of acetic anhydride at 40-50C (Scheme 93). The mono-... 

A.1 Sulfuric Acid Specific Gravity at Constant Temperature... 

Eleven 50-ml beakers was charged with L-aspartic acid (0.01 mol) and solubilized with 13.3 ml of IM hydrochloric acid (0.013 mol) at ambient temperature. The first three beakers were treated with 0.066 ml of polyphosphoric acid (specific gravity 2.0) and then warmed to 80°C acid. The second three beakers was treated with 0.266 ml polyphosphoric acid the last four beakers were treated with 0.399 g of polyphosphoric acid. Each solution was dried at 120°C, resulting in clear glassy pucks of intimate mixtures of aspartic acid and the polyphosphoric acid catalyst. The dried materials... 

Oxides of Nitrogen. To determine their concentration, 0.01 A potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid (specific gravity 1.84 at 15.6° C.) are required. A 0.005A sodium carbonate solution containing 0.1 mole of potassium permanganate (11) is used as an absorbant for oxides of nitrogen. 

Dyer s AquarFortis. Another mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, known as Dyer s aqua-fortis, is used by dyers, as it dissolves tin without oxidizing it. Mix 10 pounds colorless nitric acid, specific gravity 1.17, with 1 pound hydrochloric add 1.19. 

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