Spreading factor volume

The spreading factor C is the variance of the chromatograms of the monodisperse polymer species, i.e. of the instrumental spreading fimction G(V,Vr), If O g varies linearly vd.th the retention volume of the monodisperse polymer, then<0 > is numerically equal to the interpolated value 0 (v) of the function (T (Vr) for the polydisperse sample at its mean elution volume. 

The mean elution volume and total variance calculated from the e qperimental chromatograms of polystyrene and 1,2-polybutadiene on the ARL 9 0 GPC instrument are so listed in Table I. The coefficients of the effective relation, coordinates of the cross-point, paranrater % and spreading factor were computed by the schema outlined above. The results obtained are listed in Table II and III, The effective relations and calibration... 

Figure 3. Variation of the spreading factor with the elution volume. Key o> PS > PB> GPC-LALLS, PS.

Dependence of Spreading Factor on the Retention Volume of Size Exclusion Chromatography... 

The variance of the instrumental spreading function, i.e. the spreading factor of monodispersed polymer in a SEC column was determined experimentally with narrow MWD polystyrene standard samples by the method of simultaneous calibration. The dependence of the spreading factor on the retention volume deduced from a simple theoretical approach may be expressed by a formula with four physically meaningful and experimentally determinable parameters. The formula fits the experimental data quite well and the conditions for the appearance of a maximum spreading factor are explicable. 

Eg. 9 predicts that a maximum spreading factor exists at a certain particular retention volume. Differ-... 

CHENG ET AL. Spreading Factor Dependence on Retention Volume of SEC 283... 

The variation of the spreading factor with retention volume is shown in Fig. 1. The existence ot a maximum... 

A plot of SF versus 0 shows a rapid increase in SF when 0 < 35°. The most practical method of measuring the spread factor is to apply drops of known volume using a microapplicator on the leaf surface. By using a tracer material, such as a fluorescent dye, one may be able to measure the spread area directly using for example image analysis. This area can be converted into an equivalent sphere, allowing D to be obtained. 

Number of factors affecting the amount of the costs of removing spills is very large. The most important of them are the place and time of year in which the event occurred, the type of spilled material and the speed of its spread, the volume of spill, the manner of disposal, weather conditions, the degree of pollution of the coast and others. However, regardless of the nature of the medium they are all interrelated. 

Equation (10) also allows the peak width (2o) and the variance (o ) to be measured as a simple function of the retention volume of the solute but, unfortunately, does not help to identify those factors that cause the solute band to spread, nor how to control it. This problem has already been discussed and is the basic limitation of the plate theory. In fact, it was this limitation that originally invoked the development of the... 

This energy measure is equal to Brode s definition of the energy, multiplied by a factor 2. The reason for the multiplication is that the Brode definition applies to free-air burst, while Eq. (6.3.15) is for a surface burst. In a fiee-air burst, explosion energy is spread over twice the volume of air. 

Stamping Time — This is the amount of time fhaf fhe pin resides on the substrate surface. The more time spent on the surface, the greater ink volume deposited on the substrate. The greater volume has a tendency to cause spreading of the fluid, thereby increasing spot diameter. However, other factors such as the contact angle of the substrate and the capillary hydrostatic head also influence the size and spread of droplets. 

What factors increase the entropy of a system Qualitatively, we can expect the disorder of a system to increase when the temperature is raised, because an increase in temperature corresponds to an increase in the thermal motion of the molecules. We can also expect the entropy to increase when a given amount of matter spreads into a greater volume. 

There are various factors that can influence the distribution of analytes in a dried blood spot. Water-soluble chemicals uniformly coated on DBS cards would redistribute when the blood was spotted. The redistribution of chemicals may depend on their properties, viscosity of blood, the volume spotted, and the technique used for spotting. Another factor is the viscosity of the blood. Viscosity is normally dependent on the blood composition (hematocrit, protein, lipid levels), and it can affect the physical spread of the blood spot in that the same volume of a less viscous blood will form a larger diameter spot than that of a more viscous blood sample. Viscosity, combined with the chemical redistribution on the sample cards, will increase the complexity of the analyte distribution. 

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