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Sprayers and spraying

Sprayers and spraying is a far more sophisticated technology today then it was just a few years ago. The modem sprayer is an advanced piece of equipment that is expected to complete efficiently, effectively and safely a vitally important task a task that has a high public profile. To meet that challenge, training takes place at every level - from the operator to the machinery deak vho helps to advise on the purchase. Whilst instruction books remain essential, the... [Pg.326]

Most people are not exposed to methyl parathion in the air they breathe or on things they touch, unless they live next to areas being sprayed. The people who are at the greatest risk of being exposed to methyl parathion are those who work with this chemical. These include farm workers, chemical sprayers, and people who work in factories that make methyl parathion. They are exposed to methyl parathion on things they touch where it can pass through their skin, or by... [Pg.22]

The types of sprayer and nozzle and number of nozzles are selected depending on the required spray volume and the shape of the crop canopy. Application method, maximum spray volume, application frequency and interval must be as stated in the protocol. [Pg.45]

The intent of this article is to provide an overview of methodology and materials for sampling airborne pesticide spray and spray collection on surfaces by sedimentation deposition and impaction after release from field sprayers. The term pesticide will be used as a general term to represent chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and related products. [Pg.974]

In addition to its presence in the ambient atmosphere, diazinon also has been monitored in both outdoor and indoor air associated with its use in a variety of domestic, commercial, and occupational exposure situations. Exposure to diazinon from its use in lawn and home garden applications was evaluated by Davis et al. (1983). Diazinon was mixed with water and sprayed using compressed air sprayers or hose-end sprayers, and potential respiratory and dermal exposures were estimated from residues collected from respirator filters, body pads, and hand rinsings. These authors reported mean respiratory exposures of 1.9,... [Pg.147]

A variety of designs have been developed to maximize the relative motion between particles and spray droplets or the contact between liquid and particles. These include jet impingement devices, packed or sieved plate towers, preformed and gas atomized spray towers, and venturi sprayers. [Pg.75]

DNOC is rapidly absorbed by the respiratory tract in humans and animals. A serum DNOC concentration of 1,000 pg/mL was detected in a spray operator 24-36 hours after inhaling a dense DNOC mist for an acute duration (van Noort et al. 1960). The worker subsequently died. Because the spray operator had previous dermal exposure to DNOC, the acute inhalation of dense DNOC mist probably caused the serum DNOC level to spike to lethal levels. A blood DNOC concentration of 60 pg/g was detected in a spray operator who had periodically inhaled an unknown amount of DNOC for 5 weeks (Pollard and Filbee 1951). The blood sample was collected after a 2-day period of no exposure. In addition, a DNOC peak urinary level of 22 mg was detected on the third day after the patient was admitted to the hospital, and a total of 89.9 mg DNOC was eliminated in the urine over 20 days. While these data indicate absorption after inhalation exposure, there was also possible dermal absorption. In an occupational exposure study involving DNOC manufacturers, winter-washer sprayers, and cereal-crop sprayers, a correlation between blood DNOC levels and the symptoms and signs of poisoning was observed (Bidstrup et al. 1952). Blood DNOC levels <10-20 p g/g were not generally associated with signs of toxicity, while concentrations greater than 44 pg/g resulted in several illnesses. [Pg.60]

Lloyd, G.A., J.V. Cross, G.J. Bell, A.M. Berrie and S.W. Samuels (1995). Orchard Sprayers Comparative Operator Exposure and Spray Drift Study, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK. [Pg.240]

Unlike pome and stone fruits, there is still a need for a great deal of research into application techniques for berry fruit. Spraying is carried out with knapsack sprayers or spray guns on smaller plots, and with air-jet sprayers on larger plots. [Pg.80]

Because little agitation of the spray suspension is needed, emulsifiable concentrates are especially suitable for low-pressure, low-volume sprayers and for mist blowers. You can also use them with many other types of application equipment, including dilute hydraulic sprayers, low-volume ground sprayers, mist blowers, and low-volume aerial sprayers. [Pg.116]

Solid stream nozzles—These nozzles are used in handgun sprayers to spray a distant or specific target such as livestock, nursery, or tree pests, and for crack and crevice treatment in and around buildings. They also may be attached to booms to apply pesticides in a narrow band or inject them into the soil. [Pg.339]

Two methods have been devised for the detection of the dispersion patterns of sulphide anions and compounds in soil (a) the shallow hole method and (b) the container method. In the first method, a 18 mm diameter steel rod is driven into the soil to make a hole that acts as the sample container. After the rod has punched a hole in the soil, it is removed and a device comprising an acid sprayer and gas extraction tube is inserted. (Fig. 9-3). The spray head must be at least 40 cm below the surface and the mouth of the hole must be thoroughly sealed by the spray device. Then the outlet tap of the spray reservoir is opened to allow 8 ml of 30% HCl to reach the spray head and to spray onto the walls of the hole below 40 cm... [Pg.295]

Hypochlorite hard surface and drain cleaner compositions exhibiting enhanced extensional viscosity are mentioned in U.S. Patents 5,728,665 and 5,916,859. The viscoelastic compositions are intended for use with trigger sprayers and the hexa-decyl amineoxide/organic counterion compositions provide low bleach odor and reduced spray misting. The patent contains extensional viscosity data in support of the claims. Viscosity as a function of shear rate at various Cm diphenyloxide disulfonate concentrations is shown in Figure 4.5. Examples of steady shear and extensional viscosity as a function of shear rate and extensional rate are shown in Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7. [Pg.83]

The most commonly used application systems in arable crops are boom sprayers equipped with equally spaced hydraulic nozzles (Robinson, 1993). The quality of the spray influences the quantity deposited on the crop and spray-drift. The combination of forward speed, nozzle type and pressure defines the sprayed volume. Volume rates have been reducing for several decades. While in the 1950s it was common to spray 10001/ha, nowadays 100-3001/ha is more common. [Pg.29]

Clean out the DeVilbiss sprayer containing the sulfuric acid. Rinse it with distilled water - CAREFUL - use plenty of water initially to reduce heat formation. Fill the sprayer with water and spray it a few times to clean out the tube. Pour out that water. [Pg.605]


See other pages where Sprayers and spraying is mentioned: [Pg.621]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.378]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.363]    [Pg.499]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.604]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.408]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.333]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.465]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.526]    [Pg.56]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.321 , Pg.323 , Pg.326 ]




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