Home gardener application

In addition to its presence in the ambient atmosphere, diazinon also has been monitored in both outdoor and indoor air associated with its use in a variety of domestic, commercial, and occupational exposure situations. Exposure to diazinon from its use in lawn and home garden applications was evaluated by Davis et al. (1983). Diazinon was mixed with water and sprayed using compressed air sprayers or hose-end sprayers, and potential respiratory and dermal exposures were estimated from residues collected from respirator filters, body pads, and hand rinsings. These authors reported mean respiratory exposures of 1.9,... 

Table VII. Estimated Exposure to Unprotected Body Areas in Home Garden Application of Three Formulations of Carbaryl onto Tall Vegetables (Corn) by Clothing Protection Regimen (12 Replications)...

Kurtz, D.A. and Bode, W.M., Application exposure to the home gardener, in Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use Discussion of Risk Assessment, ACS Symposium Series 273, Honeycutt, R.C., Zweig, G., and Ragsdale, N.N., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1985, pp. 139-161. 

Workers in industries that manufacture and formulate disulfoton, farm workers who enter treated fields after the insecticide has been applied and, in particular, applicators of the insecticide are at a higher risk of exposure than the general population. Among the general population, people who use the insecticide in homes and garden applications are at a higher risk of exposure, as are people who live near hazardous waste sites containing disulfoton. 

The largest market for pesticides is agriculture. Industrial applications (e.g., weed killers for railway tracks) and turf, home, and garden applications... 

Davis et al. (1983) reported that dermal exposure to diazinon from spray applications of the compound for home and garden applications ranged from 5,700 to 29,000 pg/hour depending on the type of sprayer used. The mean respiratory exposures ranging from 1.9 to 7.4 pg/hour, were negligible compared to the dermal exposures. In addition, these authors reported that dermal exposure of the hands, which accounted for 85% or more of the total dermal exposure, could be easily reduced by the use of protective gloves. 

The Act was written to cover pesticide use on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses. It does not include applications to pastures, golf courses, parks, livestock, right-of-way, or home gardens, nor does it cover treatments for mosquito abatement and rodent control. 

Uses 2,4-D is a colorless powder with a mild phenylic odor. There are many derivatives of 2,4-D, including esters, amines, and salts. As a systemic herbicide, it is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds. It is used in cultivated agriculture, in pasture and rangeland applications, forest management, home, garden, and to control aquatic vegetation. It may be found in emulsion form, in aqueous solutions (salts), and as a dry compound. 

Almost all of this pesticide production is introduced into the environment by direct application to agricultural crops, livestock, soil, forests, water sources, homes, gardens, and to all types of environment for controlling parasites and vectors of disease to protect the public health. While—as commonly claimed—only about 5% of the arable area of the world has been so treated, these limited areas may be heavily treated. For example, in 1962 in California alone, 12,000,000 acres were sprayed or dusted. Over 1,800,000 pounds of 14 different pesticides were applied in 1963 to 700,000 of these acres, planted in cotton in the San Joaquin Valley, resulting in 2.6 pounds per acre in one year or 25 mg. per square foot per year. Over the past 20 years, therefore, many millions of pounds of DDT alone have been used there. Although few agricultural areas in the world are so intensively treated, substantial amounts of pesticide chemicals are always used wherever modem agriculture is practiced. 

Solomon, K.R., S.A. Harris and G.R. Stephenson (1993). Applicator and bystander exposure to home garden and landscape pesticides, in Pesticides in Urban Environments,... 

Fenthion is a broad spectrum insecticide. When applied as a surface spray, it controls adult mosquitoes and other insect pests and spiders in agricultural, horticultural, and home garden use. Recent reports indicate that resistance to fenthion has developed in some species of mosquitoes. Fenthion is used in dermal application for treatment of swine and cattle for control of lice, flies, and ticks, and in flea and tick treatments for pets. It is also used in aqueous applications to kill dragonfly larvae in ornamental fish production ponds. Fenthion is an effective avicide, and has been marketed to control birds considered to be pests. 

KURTZ AND BODE Application Exposure to the Home Gardener... 

Comparison with Commercial Application. We found applicator exposure in home gardens to be considerably less than that found in commercial orchard spraying as the 3 studies cited below show. All used air-blast spraying of carbaryl ... 

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