Beet armyworm

Alkyl furans are another class of naturally occurring compounds with insecticidal activity (Fig. 13)- This group of compounds, commonly referred to as avocado furans is present in avocados, Persea americana (Lau-raceae) and related plants. When tested against beet armyworm, Spodoptera... 

Albom, H.T. Turlings, T.C.J. Jones, T.H. Stenhagen, G. Loughrin, J.H. Tumlinson, J.H. (1997) Anelicitor of plant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion. Science, 276, 945-9. 

How does pathogen infestation affect odor emissions and does it interfere with emissions induced by insect herbivores So far, only one study has specifically looked at this cross-effect (Cardoza et al, 2002). It showed that insect feeding (beet armyworm, S. exigua) and fungus infection (white mold, Sclerotium rolfsii) resulted in distinctly different odor blends in peanut plants, whereas plants that were simultaneously infested by these two antagonists released a mix of both blends. 

Alborn, H. T., Jones, T. H., Stenhagen, G. S. and Tumlinson, J. H. (2000). Identification and synthesis of volicitin and related components from beet armyworm oral secretions. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26 203-220. 

Loughrin, J. H., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R. and Tumlinson, J. H. (1995a). Volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae. Journal of Chemical Ecology 21 1217-1227. 

Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate [16725-534] CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)8OOCCH3 southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (with (Z)-9,(E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate) beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua... 

T. ni, it does not, so for each moth it must be demonstrated. In the case of the almond moth and beet armyworm, decapitation, which removes the source of PBAN, after 24 h causes pheromone titers to decline from about 10 ng/gland of the diene to about 0.5 ng/gland (Jurenka, 1997). Administration of exogenous PBAN stimulates pheromone production to normal levels within 3 h. Addition of the labeled precursor directly to the pheromone gland in dimethyl sulfoxide followed immediately by PBAN to decapitated females helped ensure that the label became incorporated into the pheromone. 

From females of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the (Z,E)- and (Z,Z)-tetradecadienyl acetates, the (Z)-9- and (Z)-l1-tetradecenyl acetates and tetra-decanyl acetate were isolated and identified. Synthetic mixtures of some of these components attract male moths in field tests. 

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a rather recent pest in Holland, where it is now called the Florida moth. After it was accidentally introduced into the Netherlands in 1976, it immediately became a grave pest in greenhouses, mainly for chrysanthemums and gerberae, but to a lesser extent also for egg-plants. As application of insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids, initially effective, soon proved to have become inadequate, other methods were needed, and pheromones were investigated as possible alternatives. 

Jasmonic acid by beet armyworm codling moth (Cydia... 

Damaged leaf tissue e.g. Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Dianthus caryophyllus (Caryophyllaceae), Ouercus rubra (Fagaceae), Aloe arborescens (Liliaceae), Musa acuminata, M. paridasiaca (Musaceae), Olea europaea (Oleaceae), Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae), Vitis ninfera (Vitaceae) modified by male olfactory sensilla-specific, sphinx moth (Manduca sexto) glutathione S-transferase Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata) attractant Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) (Malvaceae) [induced by beet armyworm] Mains domestica (apple) (Rosaceae)... 

Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) - the southern armyworm. This species was chosen for study because it is closely related to S. exigua, the beet armyworm, an insect which has periodically damaged fields of cultivated sunflower in the southern Great Plains (47). A laboratory colony of Sj, exigua could not be successfully maintained. Both S eridania and S. exigua are termed generalist feeders because they can feed on various organs of a variety of taxonomically-unrelated plants (48, 49). Experiments on S. eridania were performed in collaboration with Dr. K. Nakanishi s laboratory at Columbia University. 

Asparagus fern caterpillar (also known as the beet armyworm) feeds on leaves. It is a dull green, I A" long caterpillar with a light-colored stripe along each side of the body. Handpick or spray with BTK to control. 

Other caterpillars, such as cabbage loop-ers and beet armyworms, sometimes feed on tomato leaves. Handpick or spray plants with BTK if many caterpillars are feeding. 

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