Spinal cord, dorsal horn

SENSORY TRANSMISSION IN THE SPINAL CORD Morphology of the spinal cord dorsal horn... 

Because of their direct action on the superficial neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn, opioids can also be used as regional analgesics by administration into the epidural or subarachnoid spaces of the spinal column. A number of studies have demonstrated that long-lasting analgesia with minimal adverse effects can be achieved by epidural administration of... 

Yashpal, K., Pitcher, G. M., Parent, A., Quirion, R., Coderre, T. J. Noxious thermal and chemical stimulation induce increases in 3H-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in spinal cord dorsal horn as well as persistant pain and hyperalgesia, which is reduced by inhibition of protein kinase C, J. Neurosci. 1995, 15, 3263-3272. 

South, S., Bogulavsky, J., Franklin, S., Martin, D., Vissel, B., Sailer, A., Malkmus, S., Masuyama, T., Horner, P., Gage, F., Tonegawa, S., Yaksh, T., Heinemann, S., Inturrisi, C. E. A conditional knockout (KO) of the NMDAR1 subunit in spinal cord dorsal horn attenuates hyperalgesia, Abstr. Society of Neurosciences Meeting, 2001. 

Small quantities of opiate injected intrathecally or epidurally produce segmental analgesia. This observation led to the clinical use of spinal and epidural opiates during surgical procedures and for the relief of postoperative and chronic pain. As with local anesthesia, analgesia is confined to sensory nerves that enter the spinal cord dorsal horn in the vicinity of the injection. Presynaptic opioid receptors inhibit the release of substance P and other neurotransmitters from primary afferents, whereas postsynaptic opioid receptors decrease the activity of certain dorsal horn neurons in the spinothalamic tracts. 

Spinal cord (dorsal horn) Rat Kerchner and Zhuo 2002... 

Barazangi N, Role LW (2001) Nicotine-induced enhancement of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in the mouse amygdala. J Neurophysiol 86 463-74 Bardoni R, Torsney C, Tong C-K, Prandini M, MacDermott AB (2004) Presynaptic NMDA receptors modulate glutamate release from primary sensory neurons in rat spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neurosci 24 2774-81... 

Engelman HS, Anderson RL, Daniele C, MacDermott AB (2006) Presynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors modulate release of inhibitory amino acids in rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Neuroscience 139 539 Engelman HS, MacDermott AB (2004) Presynaptic ionotropic receptors and control of transmitter release. Nat Rev Neurosci 5 135 45... 

Mao, J., Price, D. D., Phillips, L. L., Lu, J., and Mayer, D. J. (1995b). Increases in protein kinase C gamma immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats with painful mononeuropathy. Neurosci. Lett. 198, 75-78. 

Kwiat GC, Basbaum AI (1992) The origin of brain-stem noradrenergic and serotonergic projections to the spinal-cord dorsal horn in the rat. Somatosens Mot Res 9 157-173 LaBuda CJ, Usdin TB (2004) Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues decreases pain-related affective behavior. NeuroReport 15 1779-1782... 

Schulte G, Robertson B, Fredholm BB, DeLanderGE, Shortland P, Molander C (2003) Distribution of antinociceptive adenosine A1 receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and relationship to primary afferents and neuronal subpopulations. Neuroscience 121 907-916... 

Vergnano AM, Ferrini F, Salio C, Lossi L, Baratta M, Merighi A (2008) The gastrointestinal hormone ghreUn modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in deep Itiminae of mouse spinal cord dorsal horn. Endocrinology 149 2306-2312... 

ZeUhofer HU, Muth-Selbach U, Guhring H, Erb K, Ahmadi S (2000) Selective suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission by nocistatin in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neurosci 20 4922-4929... 

McCarson, K.E. and Krause, J.E. (1994). Nkl and Nk3 type tachykinin receptor mRNA expression in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn is increased during adjuvant- or formalin-induced nociception. J. Neurosci. 14, 712-720. 

Broman J, Anderson S, Ottersen OP (1993) Enrichment of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in primary afferent terminals throughout the spinal cord dorsal horn. Eur J Neurosci 5 1050-1061. 

Engelman HS, Allen TB, MacDermott AB (1999) The distribution of neurons expressing Ca +-permeable AMPA receptors in the superficial laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn. J Neurosci 79 2081-2089. 

Hohmann AG, Martin WJ, Tsou K, Walker JM (1995) Inhibition of noxious stimulus-evoked activity of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2. Life Sci 56 2111-2118... 

Genzen, J. R and McGehcc. D. S. (2005). Nicotinic modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmis.sion in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Brain Res. 1031,229-237. 

Cook AJ, Woolf CJ, Wall PD, McMahon SB (1987) Dynamic receptive field plasticity in rat spinal cord dorsal horn following C-primary afferent input. Nature 325 151-153 Corboz MR, RiveUi MA, Egan RW, Tulshian D, Matasi J, Fawzi AB, Benbow L, Smith-Torhan A, Zhang H, Hey JA (2000) Nociceptin inhibits capsaicin-induced bronchoconstriction in isolated guinea pig lung. Eur J Pharmacol 402 171-179... 

Yukioka H, Yoshimoto N, Nishimura K, Fujimori M (1985) Intravenous lidocaine as a suppressant of coughing during tracheal intubation, Anesth Analg 64 1189-1192 Zou X, Lin Q, Willis WD (2000) Enhanced phosphorylation of NMDA receptor 1 subunits in spinal cord dorsal horn and spinothalamic tract neurons after intradermal injection of capsaicin in rats. J Neurosci 20 6989-6997... 

Administration of high doses of capsaicin to the rat by the subcutaneous route was the first procedure by which an effect on spinal cord substance P was found. It is noteworthy that this work, conducted by Gasparovic et al. (1964), preceded by many years the current surge of interest in capsaicin. Using a bioassay for substance P, they showed that capsaicin reduced the content of this peptide in whole spinal cord but did not alter that of whole brain. This has recently been confirmed by Jessell et al. (1978) who, using radioimmunoassay techniques, found a 48% reduction in the levels of spinal cord dorsal horn substance P. Similar results have since been obtained by Gamse et al. (1980a,fe). In addition they reported reduced substance P content of dorsal roots, dorsal root... 

Figure 3.4. (1) Peripheral noxious mediators activate nociceptor endings via a process termed transduction. (2) Noxious impulses are delivered to the spinal cord dorsal horn via the process of conduction in afferent fibers, (3) The process of transmission describes synaptic transfer of noxious impulses from primary afferents to second-order cells In dorsal horn, (4) Modulation describes inhibitory and facilitatory effects of spinal interneurons on noxious transmission, (5) Descending inhibition refers to descending brainstem, midbrain, and cortical inhibitor nerve endings which supress pain transmission, (6) Cortical perception Includes neocortical sites of pain localization and limbic centers responsible for emotional and suffering components of pain, (7) Supraspinal responses Include sympathetic, neuromuscular, and neuroendocrine responses to pain. From Sinatra RS, Pain pathways. In Sinatra RS,Vlscusl G,de Leon-Casasola 0, Ginsberg B,ed. Acute Pain Management. Cambridge University Press, 2009,...

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