Amino acid inhibitory

Vesicular GABA transporter vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporte. 

Prabhu V, Karanth KS, Rao A. Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on biogenic amines and inhibitory amino acids in the rat brain. Planta Med 1994 60 114. 

Kodama, T., Lai, Y. Y. 8r Siegel, J. M. (2003). Changes in inhibitory amino acid release linked to pontine-induced atonia an in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurosci 23, 1548-54. 

Monocarboxylic inhibitory amino acid Monocarboxylic inhibitory amino acid Dicarboxylic excitatory amino acid Dicarboxylic excitatory amino acid... 

GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) The major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter of the CNS. 

There is now evidence that the mammalian central nervous system contains several dozen neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), together with many more co-transmitters, which are mainly small peptides such as met-enkephalin and neuromodulators such as the prostaglandins. It is well established that any one nerve cell may be influenced by more than one of these transmitters at any time. If, for example, the inhibitory amino acids (GABA or glycine) activate a cell membrane then the activity of the membrane will be depressed, whereas if the excitatory amino acid glutamate activates the nerve membrane, activity will be increased. The final response of the nerve cell that receives all this information will thus depend on the balance between the various stimuli that impinge upon it. 

A) Antagonism of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter glycine... 

B) The predominance of glycine as an inhibitory amino acid transmitter in the spinal cord... 

C. Glycine is the major inhibitory amino acid transmitter in the spinal cord, and strychnine is a relatively selective antagonist of glycine. Strychnine has very little if any action at the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex. 

INHIBITORY AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS Y-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)... 

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord contains many transmitters and receptors. Some of these include peptides, eg. substance P, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y excitatory amino acids, e.g. glutamate and aspartate inhibitory amino acids, e.g. y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) nitric oxide endogenous opioids adenosine and the monoamines, e.g. serotonin and noradrenaline. There is, therefore, diverse therapeutic potential for... 

McDonald J. W., Garofalo E. A., Hood T., Sackellares C., Gilman S., McKeever P. E., Troncoso J. C., and Johnston M. V. (1991). Altered excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptor binding in hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 29 529-541. 

Soja PJ, Finch DM, Chase MH (1987) Effect of inhibitory amino acid antagonists on masseteric reflex suppression during active sleep. Exp Neurol 96 178-193... 

Engelman HS, Anderson RL, Daniele C, MacDermott AB (2006) Presynaptic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors modulate release of inhibitory amino acids in rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Neuroscience 139 539 Engelman HS, MacDermott AB (2004) Presynaptic ionotropic receptors and control of transmitter release. Nat Rev Neurosci 5 135 45... 

It has been found68-70 that the reaction of tryptophanase with the inhibitory amino acids, /3-phenyl-DL-serine (threo form), L-threonine and D-alanine, is accompanied by a manifold increase in the reduced LD, i.e. in the ratio of LD to absorbance (AA / A) in the 420-425 nm band (Fig. 9.12 Table 9.2). This band belongs to the protonated internal PLP-lysine... 

The excitotoxic index was developed by our group as a composite descriptor of excitatory/inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter balance as measured by microdialysis in the brain s extracellular space (66,102). This index is defined as ... 

Trypsin cleaves a peptide bond on the C-terminal side of a basic residue such as arginine (Arg) or lysine (Lys) whereas chymotrypsin cleaves on the C-terminal side of the hydrophobic residues phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr). Elastase cleaves on the C-terminal side of small amino acids such as alanine (Ala) and glycine (Gly). A large number of serine PI proteins have been isolated from plants (Table 13.4) and the substrate specificity of the target proteases corresponds with the inhibitory amino acid sequences (P2-P1-PT-P2 ) of the PI proteins. Thus, the double-headed trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitory Bowman-Birk PI protein 1 (BBI-1) from soybean (Glycine BBI-1, Table 13.5G) has a Pl-PT sequence of Lys—Ser at the trypsin inhibitory domain I site and a PI PI sequence of Leu-Ser at the chymotrypsin inhibitory domain II site. 

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