Speed countermeasures

Young, K.L. and Lenne, M.G. 2010. Intelligent speed adaptation as a pivotal speeding countermeasure Current research and implementation challenges. Road and Transport Research, 19(3), 21-37. 

The difference between speeding and the other dangerous driving behaviors reflects a very complex relationship between speeding and safety, and between the motives that govern our speed and the motives that govern other aspects of our driving behavior. This chapter will focus on three speed issues how we select speed, its relationship to safety, and speed countermeasures. 

When faced with an environment made hazardous by the presence of toxic chemicals, it is imperative to quickly identify the nature and extent of the hazard in order to take appropriate countermeasures. While the speed and accuracy of chemical analysis is steadily improving, devices suitable for field use are usually the result of a compromise. Thus, falsepositive responses are prevalent due to the dire nature of a false-negative response. The only other option is to bring a full-scale laboratory to the site and there are military vehicles designed for this purpose. This option is impractical in most cases and so false-positive responses are currently the norm. 

Accepting this statement and sensational reports by the mass media, the Japan Environmental Protection Agency (JEPA) published Strategic Programs on Environmental Endocrine Disruptors in 1998 (SPEED 98) , presented JEPA s basic policy on this subject, initiated concrete countermeasures and listed about 70 substances, including SDs and STs, that are suspected of being endocrine disrupters (EDs) in a review of the literature [3]. Thereafter, researchers affiliated with the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) investigated certain kinds of containers made of PS, and it was clarified that... 

We happened to find the countermeasure to reduce the occurrence of defective products. In all processes CET supersaturated solution should be cooled down to 5°C because CET is chemically unstable, but during the scale-up experiments the subdivided vials accidentally were kept several times at room temperature for about 15 min due to problems in the high-speed subdividing machine. Any of the above products A, B, and C could have been produced in such a tray, but only A was produced. Immediately, we examined the relationship between the thermal history and the structural change in the supersaturated solution. Fortunately, the method to reproduce the solutions having the structural state at various grades... 

The key point about assessing and defining process and product state similar to the machine operators way, is having objective information about the product quality. In the presented approach, the information from the optical inspection system was used to define characteristic situations based on the profile quality (the kind, distribution and quantity of defects) and the process parameters measured and stored by the automation system. A situation or case is thus characterized, among other things, by the aforementioned profile quality, the kind of profile that is produced, the used rubber-mixture, environmental data like air pressure or humidity, the values and latest progression of physical process parameters hke extruder-temperature, power of microwave heating or speed of conveyor-belts and the countermeasures that are taken by the machine operators. 

Kaynia, A.M., Madshus, C. c Zackrisson, P. 2000. Ground vibration from high-speed trains Prediction and countermeasure. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126 531-537. 

Collectively, these results led to a new countermeasure, that is, increasing the speed limit to 100 km/h in peak hours to improve the dynamics in the traffic flow. 

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