Challenges for implementation of CCS

Even though climate change is perceived more and more as an urgent challenge, CCS has not been implemented apart from the few demonstration projects mentioned previously. Obviously, there are barriers to the application of C02 capture and storage present (at least at the time of writing this assessment). Important barriers are  

Carbon dioxide capture and storage is especially studied in connection with electricity generation, where different technology routes - post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture and oxyfuel combustion - are under research and development. Carbon dioxide capture is also crucial in connection with hydrogen production 

Implementing CCS would create a whole new value chain of plants with C02 capture, of C02 transport and of C02 storage. Carbon dioxide transport could be performed by pipelines on land or in the marine environment. For marine transport, ships could also be used. Creating a new C02 infrastructure is a challenging task, similar to the build-up of a hydrogen infrastructure that s why a combined build-up should be envisaged, where possible. 

To conclude, CCS should not be considered a permanent or long-term solution for emissions reduction, but rather to fulfil a bridging function for the transition to an energy system based largely on renewable energies. 

Baines, S. J. and Worden, R. H. (2000). Geological C02 disposal understanding the long term fate of C02 in natural occurring accumulations. GHGT5, pp. 311-316. 

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