Spectroscopy setup

Reichl, D. Krage, R. Krumme, C. Gauglitz, G., Sensing of volatile organic compounds using a simplified reflectometric interference spectroscopy setup, Appl. Spectrosc. 2000, 54, 583 586... 

Most of the time-resolved emission spectroscopy setups are home made in the sense that they are built from individual devices (laser, detection system,. ..) hence they are not of a plug and press type, so that their exact characteristics may vary from one installation to the other. Some of these differences have no impact on the overall capabilities of the system but some have a drastic influence on the way the collected data are processed and analysed. This aspect will be detailed in the next section, while this section deals with a general description of the apparatus. The most basic type of apparatus will be described, with no reference to sophisticated techniques such as Time Correlated Single Photon Counting or Circularly Polarized Luminescence devices. 

These categories include many individual high-cost systems such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. X-ray equipment, and electron microscopy and spectroscopy setups. Sales of spectroscopic instruments that are growing include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman NMR, plasma emission and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers. 

Fig. 4.35 A typical laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy setup. Electrons are energy analyzed and guided into a detector. The laser beam can be polarized to examine the angular distribution [492]...

Fig. 21 Experimental in-beam spectroscopy setup at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland. The SAGE spectrometer [43] consisting of a Si detector and a solenoidal magnetic field together with the Jurogam II germanium detector array is on the left in front of the recoil separator RITU [44]. The focal plane of RTTU is instramented with the GREAT spectrometer [45]...

Scheme 8.1 Schematic layout of an ultrafast spectroscopy setup. Continuous line, fundamental (800 nm) dashed line white light continuum probe dotted line pump beam M mirror PM parabolic mirror L lens OF optical fiber S sample ...

FIGURE 8-7. AC impedance spectroscopy setup and fuel cell equivalent circuit. 

Terahertz Generation, Detection and Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy Setup... 

Figure 11.2 Schematic layout of a conventional time resolved THz spectroscopy setup.

Figure 5.34. Schematic of the experimental setup for using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the catalyst-electrode surface.6 Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.

From Table 2 it is observed that the dispersive NIR ensembles (NIR and NIR R) result in the best cross validated models. The potential advantages of Fourier transform spectroscopy [5] are in practice outnumbered by a more reproducible setup and saimpling procedures. 

Fig. 1.3. Experimental setup for electrochemical thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (ECTDMS). C = electrochemical cell, W = working electrode, El = electrolyte inlet, EO = electrolyte outlet, EH = electrode holder, V = valve, TP = turbo pump, VC = vacuum chamber, L = light source, W = window, P = protective jacket, A = aperture to analysis chamber, GI = grid ion source, S = SEM detector.

Figure 19. Procedure of measuring reflectrometric interference spectroscopy in a parallelized setup. Instead of white light, the wavelength obtaineds from some filters are used, and the interference spectra is constructed based on these supporting wavelengths. For each wavelength, all the measurement spots are obtained simultaneously, the total time for one wavelength set is less than 10 seconds.

Material response in THz frequency region, which corresponds to far- and mid-infrared electromagnetic spectrum, carries important information for the understanding of both electronic and phononic properties of condensed matter. Time-resolved THz spectroscopy has been applied extensively to investigate the sub-picosecond electron-hole dynamics and the coherent lattice dynamics simultaneously. In a typical experimental setup shown in Fig. 3.5, an... 

Owen, R. J., Heyes, C. D., Knebel, D., Rocker, C., and Nienhaus, G. U. (2006). An integrated instrumental setup for the combination of atomic force microscopy with optical spectroscopy. Biopolymers 82, 410-414. 

In absorption Mossbauer spectroscopy, a source nuclide in a standard form (usually in a metallic matrix) is coupled with a sample to be investigated. This method requires at least 100 pg of Fe or Sn in the usual experimental setup even if a Mossbauer sensitive enriched stable isotope Fe-57 or Sn-119 is employed. In emission Mossbauer spectroscopy, however, 1 mCi of Co-57 or Sb-119, which corresponds nominally to 120 ng of Co-57 or 1.4 ng of Sb-119, is sufficient to permit measurement. This technique enables study of very dilute systems, especially those with ions directly bound to the substrate. 

Energy Levels for Hole Injection. For the hole conductor TPD (6), measurements are available from different groups that allow a direct comparison of different experimental setups. The ionization potential that corresponds to the HOMO level under the assumptions mentioned above was measured by photoelectron spectroscopy to be 5.34 eV [230]. Anderson et al. [231] identified the onset of the photoelectron spectrum with the ionization potential and the first peak with the HOMO energy, and reported separate values of 5.38 and 5.73 eV, respectively. The cyclovoltammetric data reveal a first oxidation wave at 0.34 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in acetonitrile [232], and 0.48 V vs. Ag/0.01 Ag+ in dichloro-methane [102], respectively. The oxidation proceeds by two successive one-electron oxidations, the second one being located at 0.47 V vs. Fc/Fc+. 

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