Spacing ratio

Boiler drum dimensions, including the available separation surface area and the steam space water space ratio optimum separation occurs where the maximum steam-water surface area is available... 

Table 3 Comparison of the majority component s volume fraction,/, and the cyclic to linear spacing ratio, p, for different linear and cyclic block copolymers... 

An approach for the estimation of void space ratio is given by equation (1) l 3 6 ... 

Are we sure that 110V ac is essential - the system might work well with pulsed DC so that the inverter output is OV—-+110V —OV—+110V— etc. with the mark/space ratio heavily favouring the +110V. If you can do that, then one 110V unit can drive all cylinders with Just one HV diode to block the reverse HV pulse. At this point in time I think that we can be reasonably sure that what is needed is ... 

Joshi and Sharma (1976) also evaluated interfacial area and liquid-side mass-transfer coefficients using chemical methods in columns of 0.38, 0.57, and 1.0 m diameters. The optimum liquid submergence ratio (H/dT) and impeller spacing ratio (L,/dT) were found to be in the range of 0.6-0.7 and 1.4-1.6, respectively. The following correlations were proposed ... 

Viewing distance Viewing distance refers to the distance from which the space is viewed, or, more accurately, the scale in which it is depicted. What is critical about scale is that for a map of any given size, (a) maps at different scales show different amounts of the referent space, and therefore (b) they present different map-to-space ratios. For example, the same 8 Vi" x 11" piece of paper might show Chicago in an aerial photograph, or a line map of a room which, expressed as map scale (or, in cartographic terms, as a Representative Fraction or RF), would be representations at approximately 1 12,000 and 1 20, respectively. 

As it is known in real compressors, the percent of volume in the total displacement of a piston into a cylinder is called the dead space ratio, and it is defined as c = (volume of dead space) /(volume of displacement) [29]. In the Curzon-Ahlborn cycle, rc appears as the reciprocal of c. It is found that 3%rc>100/10 or 33>rc>10. Supposing power plants working as a Curzon-Ahlborn cycle, a linear approximation of efficiency, Equations (24) and (25), values of efficiency appear around the experimental values. As an example, Table 1 shows a comparison between real values and linear approximation values, y = 1.67, and the closeness of the linear approximation, in case of some modern power plants. 

Edvinsson, T, Arteca, G.A. and Elvingson, C. (2003) Path-space ratio as a molecular shape descriptor of polymer conformation. /. Chem. Inf. Comput. Scl, 43, 126-133. 

Figure 2 shows a 21.5mm-long profile extending over four test structure patterns within a single die. Each test pattern has a different combination of trench, width and space. All have the same line/space ratio of land the line/space ratio increases in successive test structures from left to right in both profiler scans. The die-level dishing was 0.5p.m. 

Figure 4. Graph of dishing versus trench width for measured Cu sample with a line/space ratio of 1 1 (A) and 1 2 (B)...

The areal porosity has been modeled by Liu et al. (32) for an isotropic porous medium. They argued that the void space ratio in all directions should be the same. The porosity is the product of the void space ratios in the orthogonal directions. This argument leads to... 

When considering an isotropic porous medium, Liu et al. (32) argued that the tortuous passage bears a two-dimensional property. With the argument that either direction should have the same void space ratio for an isotropic porous medium and the porosity is a product of the two directions, the tortuosity can be determined as... 

Monoiodized molecules can be separated from uniodized and multi-iodized molecules via HPLC (Bidard et al. 1989) or isoelectric focusing (Rehm and Betz 1982). The isolation of the simply iodized molecule (from a mixture of simply iodized and uniodized molecules) not only provides for a higher specific activity and a better signal/space ratio but simpbfies the interpretation of the binding results. The amount A of a radioactive compoimd at time t is calculated as follows ... 

The solvothermal conditions used to synthesize boroxine- and boronate-ester COFs (temperature, solvent, solvent-to-head-space ratio) have a strong effect on the product morphology [14,20] and it seems that particular solvents give rise to ordered crystalline materials whereas others do not. hi principle, this may be understood in terms of templating effects but could equally arise from differences in monomer solubility, for example, which in turn affects the rate of network formation. 

Fig. 420 S AXS pattern for bulk samples of a P(F)S49-i>-PLA 192 and b PS50-i>-PLA214 annealed at 150 °C (a) and 173 °C (b). For the voided st5rrenic scaffold the scattered intensity for small wave vectors q increased significantly due to enhanced contrast (c). Curve a corresponds to a disordered worm-like morphology as confirmed by SEM. Peaks with scattering wave vector spacing-ratios consistent with a laid gyroid phase are discernible in case of sample b and c. The peaks of curve c located in the q range from 13 to 18 A can be attributed to lemtiining PLA etchant, sodium hydroxide...

The square billets in figure 3.6 were laid on a hearth so that the width of each empty space between them equaled the width ofeach billet (spacing ratio, C/W = 2/1 = 2),... 

Fig. 3.7. %Exposure versus workpiece spacing ratio. Billet spacing ratio = centerline to center-line distance, C, divided by billet width or diameter, W. Use a centimeter scale for interpolating.

Table 8.4 compares heat tfansfer rates for 6" (152 mm) square billets in a Curve 2 versus Curve 4 situation, both with spacing ratios of 3 1 and 2000 F (1090 C) furnace gas. Gains from wider spacing have diminishing returns (especially for four-side heating). All curves droop at low spacing-to-thickness ratios because all radiation is less with narrower spacing. 

Round loads have smaller lag-time exposure factors than rectangular loads because radiation at a low angle, as from a nearby sidewall, has a better chance of reaching an adjacent load piece because round pieces make less shadow on an adjacent piece— if both have the same spacing ratio. The percent of full peripheral exposure also... 

---