Sorption of cadmium

Lebeau et al. (2002) investigated the sorption of cadmium by viable microbial cells that were free or immobilized in alginate beads by incubating the bacteria in a liquid soil extract medium at pH 5 7 and Cd concentrations of 1 to 10 mg L-1. The percentage of Cd biosorbed reached a maximum (69%) at low Cd concentrations and neutral pH. Thus, the effectiveness of bacteria, inoculated into metal-contaminated soils, would largely depend on the concentration of the metal and its distribution between the biomass and the medium. 

Schlekat, C.E., A.W. Decho, and G.T. Chandler. 1998. Sorption of cadmium to bacterial extracellular polymeric sediment coatings under estuarine conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1867-1874. 

In a laboratory study by Schlekat et al. [15], it was demonstrated that coating silica particles with an exopolymer prepared from an estuarine bacterium enhanced the sorption of cadmium on to the particles. The composition of the exopolymer was glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in the ratio 5 2 1. These investigations also compared the effects of salinity, pH and different concentrations of cadmium. Increasing salinity resulted in less cadmium associated with the particles, presumably due to competition with the chloride ion. The pH had a dramatic effect, resulting in only ca. 10% absorbed at pH 5 to more than 95% at pH 9. 

Comans, R. N. J. (1990), "Adsorption, Desorption and Isotopic Exchange of Cadmium on lllite Evidence for Complete Reversibility", in Sorption of Cadmium and Cesium at Mineral/Water Interfaces, Ph. D. Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Netherlands. 

Jeanjean, J., McGrellis, S., Rouchard, J. C., Fedoroff, M., Rondeau, A., Perochf.au, S. Dub is, A. 1996. A crystallographic study of the sorption of cadmium on calcium hydroxyapatites incidence of cationic vacancies. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 126, 195-201. 

Kumar, U. and Bandyopadhyay, M. 2006. Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using retreated rice husk. Bioresource Technology, 97 104—9. 

Smiciklas, LD. et al.. The point of zero charge and sorption of cadmium(ll) and strontium(II) ions on synthetic hydroxyapatite, Separ. Purif. Technol., 18, 185, 2000. Newcombe, G., Hayes, R., and Drikas. M., Granular activated carbon Importance of surface properties in the adsorption of naturally occurring organics. Colloids Surf. A, 78, 65, 1993. 

Dzombak, D.A. and Morel, F.M.M., Sorption of cadmium on ferric oxide at high sorbate/sorbent ratios Equilibrium, kinetics, and modeling, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 112, 588, 1986. 

Lindau I, Spicer WE (1980) Photoemission as a tool to study solids and surfaces. In Winick H, Doniach S (eds) Synchrotron Radiation Research, Plenum Press, New York, p 159-221 Lindqvist-Reis P, Lamble K, Pattanaik S, Persson I, Sandstrocni. M (2000) Hydration of the yttrium(III) ion in aqueous solution. An X-ray diffraction and XAFS structural study. J Phys Chem 104 402-408 Lindqvist-Reis P, Munoz-Paez A, Diaz-Moreno S, Pattanaik S, Persson I, Sandstroem M (1998) The structure of the hydrated gallium(III), indium(HI), and chromium(III) ions in aqueous solution. A large angle X-ray scattering and EXAFS study. Inorg Chem 37 6675-6683 Liu C, Frenkel AI, Vairavamurthy A, Huang PM (2001) Sorption of cadmium on humic acid Mechanistic and kinetic studies with atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Canadian J Soil Sci 81 (3, Spec. Issue) 337-348... 

Liu, C., Frenkel, A.I., Vairavamurthy, A., Huang, P.M., 2001. Sorption of cadmium on humic acid Mechanistic and kinetic studies with atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption fine stmc-ture spectroscopy. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81, 337-348. 

Ho YS. Second-order kinetic model for the sorption of cadmium onto tree fern a comparison of linear and non-linear methods. Water Res 2006 40 119-25. 

The results obtained from sorption/desorption edge experiments on Milwhite kaolinite and cadmium are presented in Figure 3.8 as an illustration. The testing parameters of these experiments are tabulated in Table 3.2, and the experimental procedure is detailed in Yeung and Hsu (2005). The low concentration of cadmium in the dissolved phase used in the experiments precludes the formation of cadmium precipitates. Therefore, the reduction in cadmium concentration in the dissolved phase was caused by the sorption of cadmium onto Milwhite kaolinite particle... 

Moradi et al. [21] used nonlinear Freundlich isotherm to account for the sorption of cadmium in a sewage-amended soil. Kohne et al. [22] used the nonlinear Freundlich isotherm to incorporate sorption in their multiprocess herbicide transport analysis in structured soils. At low concentration the constant a becomes unity and a linear relation is obtained ... 

Okieimen, F.E. Okundia, E.U., and Ogbeifun, D.E., Sorption of cadmium and lead ions on modified groundnut (Arachis hypogea) husks, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 51(1), 97-104 (1991). 

Okieimen, F. E., Maya, A. O., Oriakhi, C. O. Sorption of cadmium, lead and zinc ions on sulfur containing chemically modified cellulosic materials. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1988, 32, 23-27. 

---