Sore throat causes

Influenza is an acute viral disease caused by Influenza A (sporadic, epidemic, and pandemic) or B (sporadic outbreaks) virus. Symptoms typically occur suddenly and include high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, and malaise. Serious complications can be caused by bacterial superinfection of the respiratory tract. 

Isocyanates are quite toxic materials and need careful handling. They affect mainly the respiratory tract causing breathing difficulties, sore throats and, in extreme cases, bronchial spasms. Once they have been allowed to react, for example to form foams, they undergo complete conversion and appear to leave no toxic residues. 

Acute pharyngitis presents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. The majority of sore throats are caused by a variety of viruses fewer than 20% are bacterial and hence potentially responsive to antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotics are widely prescribed and this reflects the difficulty in discriminating streptococcal from non-streptococcal infections clinically in the absence of microbiological documentation. Nonetheless, Strep, pyogenes is the most important bacterial pathogen and this responds to oral penicillin. However, up to 10 days treatment is required for its eradication fixm the throat. This requirement causes problems with compliance since symptomatic improvement generally occurs within 2-3 days. 

Pharyngitis is an acute throat infection caused by viruses or bacteria. Other conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux, postnasal drip, or allergies, also can cause sore throat and must be distinguished from infectious causes. Acute pharyngitis is responsible for 1% to 2% of adult physician visits and 6% to 8% of pediatric visits but generally is self-limited without serious sequelae.41,42 Antibiotics are prescribed in 50% to 70% of cases in adults and children because of the inability to... 

Vulnerary. Elder is an effective remedy for relieving hemorrhoids when applied topically as a salve. Elder has been used to treat erysipelas, an acute inflammation caused by strep bacteria that erupts on the skin. Elder has also served humankind well in applications for bums, cuts and wounds. It can also be used as a sore throat gargle or for inflamed gums and mouth tissue. Parts used flowers, berries, leaves. 

Triclosan (10.279) kills a wide range of bacteria that cause food poisoning, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, tetanus, meningitis, tuberculosis and sore throats. It also prevents the development of bacterially related odours and kills the yeasts responsible for Candida ulcers... 

Signs and Symptoms Initial symptoms are flu-like with abrupt onset of high fever, severe frontal headache, chills, muscle pain (myalgia), pain behind the eyes, nausea, and vomiting. Additional symptoms may include sensitivity to light (photophobia), diarrhea, and sore throat. Fever may be biphasic. CNS symptoms range from drowsiness to disorientation, convulsions, paralysis, coma, and death. May cause abortions or CNS malformations in the fetus. 

Bronchitis is primarily a self-limiting illness and rarely a cause of death. Acute bronchitis usually begins as an upper respiratory infection. The patient typically has nonspecific complaints such as malaise and headache, coryza, and sore throat. 

Clinical signs and symptoms are similar for viral causes as well as nonstreptococcal bacterial causes. Signs and symptoms Sore throat. 

Symptoms of exposure Conjunctivitis, central nervous system, eye and skin burns, and dermatitis are symptoms of ingestion. Inhalation may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and mucous membranes. At high concentrations headache, sore throat, and paralysis of respiratory muscles may occur (Windholz et al., 1983 Patnaik, 1992). An irritation concentration of 90.00 mg/m in air was reported by Ruth (1986). 

Symptoms of exposure May cause dermatitis, cyanosis, gastritis, sneezing, sore throat, muscular pain, somnolence, tremor, convulsions, and asplastic anemia (Patnaik, 1992)... 

Some workers exposed to the salt form of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine complained of sore throat, respiratory infections, stomach upset, headache, dizziness, caustic bums, and dermatitis (an inflammation of the skin). However, with the exception of dermatitis, it is not certain that 3,3 -dichloro-benzidine causes these health effects because the workers were also exposed to other chemicals at the... 

Carbimazole tends to cause neutropenia and patients are advised to report any sore throat to the pharmacist for referral. Blood counts would be required. Dry eyes are a consequence of hyperthyroidism and hypromellose eye drops could be recommended as a relief preparation. 

Carbimazole is an antithyroid drug indicated in hyperthyroidism. It is usually administered as 15 mg daily in the morning. Carbimazole tends to cause agranulocytosis and therefore patients are advised to report immediately any signs of infections, such as sore throat. 

In 113 workers exposed to boron oxide and boric acid dusts, there were statistically signiflcant increases in symptoms of eye irritation dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat sore throat and productive cough compared with controls. The mean exposure level was 4.1mg/m with a range of 1.2-8.5mg/mk Exposures may occasionally have exceeded 10 mg/mh Because of mixed exposures, the study does not indicate whether boron oxide or boric acid dust is more important in causing symptoms, nor does it indicate the minimum duration of exposure necessary to produce symptoms. 

CMME is a mucous membrane and respiratory irritant in both humans and animals. Acute exposure of rats and hamsters resulted in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage and necrotizing bronchitis. Human exposure to CMME has been reported to cause breathing difficulties, sore throat, fever, and chills. An increased frequency of chronic cough and low-end expiratory flow rates has been observed in a dose-related fashion with exposure to CMME and BCME. ... 

Because fluorine is the most reactive of the elements, free fluorine is rarely found in nature. Fluorine reacts with water to produce ozone and hydrofluoric acid. In humans, the inhalation of high concentrations causes laryngeal spasm and bronchospasm, followed by the delayed onset of pulmonary edema. At sub-lethal levels, severe local irritation and laryngeal spasm will preclude voluntary exposure to high concentration unless the individual is trapped or incapacitated. Two human subjects found momentary exposure to 50 ppm intolerable 2 5 ppm was tolerated briefly, but both subjects developed sore throat and chest pain that persisted for 6 hours. Short-term exposures to concentrations up to 10 ppm were tolerated without discomfort. ... 

In industrial use, some instances of skin and respiratory tract irritation have been observed but no chronic effects have been reported. A human exposure to 12,000 ppm for 1.5 minutes in a laboratory produced nose irritation and cough mouth pipetting of the liquid caused a severe sore throat and reddened mucous membranes. Workers exposed for several hours to low vapor concentrations complained of foggy vision with rings around lights, the results of corneal edema, which cleared within 3-4 hours after cessation of exposure. ... 

There is no evidence that inhalation exposures in occupational settings cause the rapid progressive pulmonary fibrosis and injury to the heart, liver, and kidneys that occur after ingestion. Because of the low vapor pressure, there is little inhalation hazard. Spray droplets are usually too large to reach the alveoli. If exposure is excessive, droplets may be inhaled into the upper respiratory tract and cause nosebleed, sore throat, headache, and coughing from local irritant action. Rarely, dermal exposure to paraquat has resulted in systemic poisonings and deaths with renal and pulmonary... 

There are no well-documented studies showing the effects of terphenyls on humans. Clinical studies of an exposed group of workers showed no ill effects from prolonged exposure to 0.1-0.9mg/m. Workers have experienced eye and respiratory irritation at levels above lOmg/m. As a class of compounds, organic coolants (including terphenyls) have caused transient headache and sore throat. In addition, there have been cases of dermatitis attributed to skin contact with organic coolant compounds. ... 

Temporarily suppresses cough caused by minor throat and bronchial irritants that may occur with the common cold. Also for the temporary relief of occasional minor irritation and sore throat. 

Immunodeficiency 100-200 mg/kg/mo IV at 0.01-0.04 mL/kg/min to 400 mg/kg/dose max UP 400 mg/kg/dose IV daily x 5 d BMP 500 mg/kg/wk X in renal insuff Caution [C, ] Separate administration of live vaccines by 3 mo Contra IgA deficiency w/ Abs to IgA, severe thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders Disp Inj SE Associated mostly w/ inf rate GI upset Interactions X Effects OF live virus vaccines EMS May cause anaphylactic Rxn OD Unlikely Immune Globulin, Subcutaneous (Vivaglobin) [Immune Serum] Uses Primary immunodeficiency Action IgG supl Dose 100—200 mg/kg BW subq wkly abd, thighs, upp arms, or lat al hip Caution [C, ] Contra Hx anaphylaxis to immune globulin some IGA deficiency Disp Inj SE Inj site Rxns, HA, GI complaint, fevCT, N, D, rash, sore throat EMS May be self administered at home may cause anaphylactic Rxn OD Unlikely to cause life-threatening Sxs... 

---