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Somatic cells reprogramming

TABLE 37.1 Genetic Factors Involved in Somatic Cell Reprogramming to the Pluripotent State... [Pg.743]

BIX01294, which inhibits G9a [29], is efficacious as a replacement for oct3/4, one of the four original genetic factors used for reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells [36]. [Pg.335]

SCNT is a cloning strategy, originally reported by Campbell, et al. [33], in which nuclei are isolated from a donor s somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, and are transferred into enucleated oocytes from female donors [33]. By mechanisms yet to be uncovered, the cytoplasm of the oocytes reprograms the chromosomes of the somatic cell nucleus and the cloned cells develop into blastocysts, from which ESCs can be derived [34]. One of the landmarks of SCNT is the potential to generate isogeneic ESCs, carrying a set of chromosomes identical to that of an individual, and therefore unlikely to be rejected after transplantation into that individual [35]. [Pg.35]

Tada M et al (2001) Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr Biol 11 (19) 1553-1558... [Pg.348]

Carey BW et al (2009) Reprogramming of murine and human somatic cells using a single polycistronic vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(1) 157-162... [Pg.349]

Anokye-Danso F et al (2011) Highly efficient miRNA-mediated reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells to pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 8(4) 376-388... [Pg.349]

One approach to overcome the transplant rejection of human embryonic stem (ES) cells is to derive them by nuclear transfer of the patients own cells. In the absence of an efficient protocol for human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), several critical steps must be optimized, namely reprogramming time, activation method, and in vitro culture conditions. Reprogramming time was defined as the time between cell fusion and oocyte activation to permit proper embryonic development. A 2 h reprogramming time led to 25% of the recon-stracted embryos developing to blastocysts. In SCNT, in the absence of sperm-mediated activation, an artificial stimulus is needed to initiate embryo development. Addition of 10 pM ionophore for 5 min, and incubation with 2.0 mM 6-dimethyl aminopurine for 4 h, was the most efficient chemical activation protocol for human SCNT embryos. Encouragingly, inefficiencies in embryo culture have been overcome by supplementing... [Pg.279]

Since there is an absence of reports detailing the activation of human SCNT oocytes and the successful production of cloned blastocysts, it was necessary to identify several parameters, including the reprogramming time (the time between cell fusion and egg activation, returning the gene expression profile of the somatic cell to that needed for appropriate embryonic development) and activation methods. Based on results from animal SCNT oocytes and the parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes, we initially employed a porcine activation protocol (simultaneous fusion and activation with electrical pulse) which used hu-... [Pg.282]

Reubinoff et al. [56], and Lanzendorf et al. [75] each produced human ES cell lines at high efficiency. Briefly, five ES cell lines were derived from a total of 14 ICMs, two ES cell lines from four ICMs, and three ES cell lines from 18 ICMS, respectively. In the present study, one SCNT-hES cell line was derived from 20 ICMs. It remains to be determined if this low efficiency is due to faulty reprogramming of the somatic cells, or to subtle variations in the experimental procedures utilized. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the genetic background of the cell donor had an impact on the overall efficiency of the procedure. Further improvements in IVC systems for ES cells are needed before contemplating the use of this technique for cell therapy. In addition, those mechanisms governing the differentiation of human tissues must be elucidated in order to produce tissue-specific cell populations from undifferentiated ES cells. [Pg.290]

Another quantum leap for modern biotechnology was the first cloned mammal by Ian Willmut in 1996 (see his quote for Modern Biopharmaceuticals ) by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -the sheep Dolly . Then, in 2004, the first human embryo was cloned by a team led by Woo Suk Hwang, who was able to obtain pluripotent embryonic stem cells by SCNT of reprogrammed human adult cells. The highly differentiated genetic pro-... [Pg.1957]

Megan J. Munsie, Anna E. Michalska, Carmel M. O Brien, Alan O. Trounson, Martin F. Perta and Peter S. Mountford, Isolation of plmipotent embryonic stem cells from reprogrammed adult mouse somatic cell nuclei. Current Biology, 10 (2000), 989-992. [Pg.270]

FIGURE SC-2 Reprogramming a somatic nucleus. When transplanted into an oocyte, a somatic nucleus may respond to the cytoplasmic factors and be reprogrammed back to totipotency. These cytoplasmic factors erase the molecular memory of the somatic cells. Such cells can then be used to harvest pluripotent stem cells or to transfer a blastocyst into a carrier and develop an organism in vivo. (Taken from Suram, M. A. Nature, 414, 122-127[2001].)... [Pg.748]

Plickert G, Frank U, Muller WA. Hydractinia, a pioneering model for stem cell biology and reprograming somatic cells to pluripotency. Int J Dev Biol. 2012 56 519-34. [Pg.752]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.97 ]




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