Solvents dimethyl ketone

Synonyms 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone Formula CH3COCH3 MW 58.08 CAS [67-64-1] used as a common solvent in many organic syntheses and in paint and varnish removers colorless liquid characteristic odor, sweetish taste boils at 56.5°C vapor pressure 180 torr at 20°C freezes at -94°C density 0.79 g/ML at 20°C readily mixes with water and organic solvent highly flammable. 

In homogeneous catalysis, one species can also coordinate to the metal before the other has left. The two situations (first dissociation, then coordination or first coordination, then dissociation) are similar to the SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic substitution mechanisms. Figure 3.4 illustrates these two cases, using as an example the reaction of the Ni(CO)4 complex with acetone (dimethyl ketone) in TH F. In the first case, a CO ligand dissociates from the complex, leaving a vacant position that is immediately filled by a solvent molecule. Then, the solvent is replaced by an acetone... 

The effect of solvent properties on double-layer capacitance of TiC-CDC was explored using triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in PC, DMK (dimethyl ketone), y-butyrolactone, and acetonitrile [97,98], The capacitance was shown to decrease in the order acetonitrile > y-butyrolactone > DMK > PC and was dependent on polarization. The same trend was found in relating solvent to cycling efficiency. Interestingly, CDC was shown to have a lower time constant than an advanced... 

Another illustrative example of a solvent-dependent keto/enol tautomerism of a monocarbonyl compound is given by 4-[(pent-l-ylthio)acetyl]-A-(4 -chlorobenzyl)-pyridinium chloride. In the HBA solvent dimethyl sulfoxide, the enol predominates (84 cmol/mol), while in the HBD solvent water it exists as the ketone (47 cmol/mol) and its hydrate (40 cmol/mol) [250]. Recrystallization of this pyridinium salt from a DMSO/ ethyl acetate mixture yields the pure enoUc form, with one molecule of DMSO per molecule of enol present in the crystal lattice. 

Acetone Dimethyl Ketone 58.08 Solvent, protein purification... 

Most commercial nail polish removers consist mainly of volatile organic solvents such as ethyl acetate (CH3COOC2H5), a common solvent for the polish itself, or acetone (CH3COCH3). Acetone is the simplest of ketones (a class of organic compounds) and is also known as dimethyl ketone, propanone, or p-ketopropane. It is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. It evaporates easily, is flammable, and dissolves completely in water and organic solvents. Since it may be used to dissolve other substances, care must be used when applying acetone-based nail polish remover to the nails because the product may also remove... 

Acetone, also called propanone or dimethyl ketone, is the smallest ketone. It is The most familiar household use oface-a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant odor. The boiling point of acetone is tone iS as active substance in nail 56 °C. It can mix with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. It is a wonder- polish remover. ful organic solvent, dissolving varnishes, lacquers, resins, plastics, paints, oils and their derivatives. 

As an example of solvent effects on IR spectra, we summctrize a study we have published on the Journal of Chemical Physics about frequencies and IR intensities for the C=0 stretching vibration of a series of dialkyl ketones dimethyl ketone (DMK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), sec-butyl methyl ketone (SBMK), ter-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK). The solvents of which we have modeled the effect are cyclohexane (eye), carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), benzene (CeHe), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-dce) and acetonitrile (acn). 

Acetone a-so- ton [Gr Azeton, fr. L acetum] (1839) (dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone) n. CH3COCH3. The simplest and most important member of the ketone family of solvents. All the cellulosics plastics and polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxies, and some thermosetting resins are soluble in acetone. It is also an intermediate in the production of bisphenol. It is a typical low-boiling ketone. It is a liquid which flashes at ordinary room temperature, has a bp of 57.5°C, fp of-15°C and a Sp gr of 0.788 at 25°C. Ash M, Ash I (1996) Handbook of paint and coating raw materials trade name products - Chemical products dictionary with trade name cross-references. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., New York Weast RC Handbook of chemistry and physics. The Chemical Rubber Co., Boca Roton, FL. 

A cetaldehyde, CH3CHO, is a similar substance made from ethyl alcohol. The ketones are effective solvents for organic compounds, and are extensively used in chemical industry for this pwvposc. Acetone, (CH3)2CO, which is dimethyl ketone, is the simplest and most important of these substances. It is a good solvent for nitrocellulose. 

By contrast, hydrocarbons cannot form hydrogen bonds (they are neither proton donors nor acceptors) and are not very polar. Typical e values for hydrocarbons are around 2. The more nonpolar and grea the solvent, the more easily the similarly nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules dissolve in it. Thus, hydrocarbons (oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbons) are almost completely insoluble in water, but very soluble in other hydrocarbons. The polar molecule acetone [dimethyl ketone, (CH3)2CO],wth an e value of 21, is completely soluble in water, but the alkene isobutene, wath the same number of nonhydrogen atoms, is almost completely insoluble in water. Like does dissolve like. 

PROBLEM 10.58 Ozonoly sis of 1 in solvent acetone (dimethyl ketone) leads to 2 as the major product. Explain. 

The simplest ketone, known as acetone or propanone (dimethyl ketone), is a colorless liquid with a mild odor that has wide use as a solvent in cleaning fluids, paint and nail polish removers, and rubber cement. Acetone is extremely flammable, and care must be taken when using it. In the body, acetone may be produced in uncontrolled diabetes, fasting, and high-protein diets when large amounts of fats are metabolized for energy. 

Many ketones also have common names, which consist of the names of the substituent groups followed by the word ketone. Dimethyl ketone, the simplest example, is a common solvent best known as acetone. Phenyl ketones have common names ending in -phenone. 

An interesting case are the a,/i-unsaturated ketones, which form carbanions, in which the negative charge is delocalized in a 5-centre-6-electron system. Alkylation, however, only occurs at the central, most nucleophilic position. This regioselectivity has been utilized by Woodward (R.B. Woodward, 1957 B.F. Mundy, 1972) in the synthesis of 4-dialkylated steroids. This reaction has been carried out at high temperature in a protic solvent. Therefore it yields the product, which is formed from the most stable anion (thermodynamic control). In conjugated enones a proton adjacent to the carbonyl group, however, is removed much faster than a y-proton. If the same alkylation, therefore, is carried out in an aprotic solvent, which does not catalyze tautomerizations, and if the temperature is kept low, the steroid is mono- or dimethylated at C-2 in comparable yield (L. Nedelec, 1974). 

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is miscible in all proportions with water and is soluble in many polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile. In addition, it is soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and esters, but these generally are not suitably inert solvents. The acid reacts with ethyl ether to give a colorless, Hquid oxonium complex, which on further heating gives the ethyl ester and ethylene. Reaction with ethanol gives the ester, but in addition dehydration and ether formation occurs. 

Ketone Peroxides. These materials are mixtures of compounds with hydroperoxy groups and are composed primarily of the two stmctures shown in Table 2. Ketone peroxides are marketed as solutions in inert solvents such as dimethyl phthalate. They are primarily employed in room-temperature-initiated curing of unsaturated polyester resin compositions (usually containing styrene monomer) using transition-metal promoters such as cobalt naphthenate. Ketone peroxides contain the hydroperoxy (—OOH) group and thus are susceptible to the same ha2ards as hydroperoxides. 

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