Solvent dyes, properties

The color and constitution of cyanine dyes may be understood through detailed consideration of their component parts, ie, chromophoric systems, terminal groups, and solvent sensitivity of the dyes. Resonance theories have been developed to accommodate significant trends very successfully. For an experienced dye chemist, these are useful in the design of dyes with a specified color, band shape, or solvent sensitivity. More recendy, quantitative values for reversible oxidation—reduction potentials have allowed more complete correlation of these dye properties with organic substituent constants. 

Textile dyes can be dissolved or solubilised in water to a greater or lesser extent, this being essential for all conventional dyeing processes. Since solubility in water is generally accompanied by insolubility in nonpolar solvents, most textile dyes have this property. Solvent dyes, on the other hand, are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. Solvent dyes are used as colour markers for the many different hydrocarbon fractions produced in oil refineries. Although the concentration of dye is low, the vast volumes involved makes the overall dye usage considerable. 

Solvent dyes are used to colour the transparent paints used to exploit the special properties of metallic pigments, as mentioned earlier. Another use for solvent dyes is in the colouring of many plastic articles to supplement the colouring power of pigments, if the use of pigments alone in a particular application is found to have undesirable effects on the physical properties of the plastic. 

Commercial solvent dyes for leather are employed in a great variety of solvents. It is common practice to use mixed solvents to obtain the requisite physical properties. They are also applied to correct off-shade dyeings and improve the brilliance of shades. Alcohols or glycols are the most common solvents but esters and ketones are also convenient. The colors are normally applied to dyed or undyed tanned leather by spraying from solvent solution or aqueous/organic emulsions. Nowadays, water-based finish recipes, which are combinations of sol-... 

Caronic. [Chemonic Industries] Emulsified solvents dye caniers wiA leveling and wetting properties for atmospheric or pressure equip. 

Congo Red and Curcumin containing MCM-41 materials have been synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray dif action, UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. Dyes are incorporated in the micellar phase of silica-surfactant mesophase and their spectroscopic properties confirm that they are in a solvated state, where both surfactant and silica wall may act as a solvent. Dyes maintain their pH indicator properties and are accessible to ionic species, such as H3O and Cu. ... 

Classification Azobenzene triphenylmethane color Empirical C33H40CIN3 Properties M.w. 514.15 Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Dye for paper pigment in printing inks solvent dye for ballpen inks, printer ribbons colorant in hair dyes... 

Dyes of this class are designed to be soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons and, hence, are insoluble in water. They are of relatively low molecular weight and have a considerable range of fastness properties. In general, they are not suited for detergent applications. An example of a solvent dye is shown in scheme 6. 

Uses Surfactant for antiperspirants, depilatories, creams, lotions pigment dispersant antistat, emulsifer, defoamer, wetting agent, solubilizer, and conditioner in shampoos, detergents, bleaches, and dyes Properties Colorless liq. sol. in nonpolar org. solvents HLB 9.7 acid no. 2 max. hyd. no. 145-160 100% act. 

Features Prevents unlevel dyeings caused by different strike rates and preferential absorp. of dyes to various parts of the fiber eliminates need for carrier solvent-tree low foaming suitable for pkg. and jet dyeing Properties Lt. amber cl. Iiq. no objectionable odor sp.gr. 0.90 dens. 7.49 Ib/gal pH 8.0 (1%)... 

Uses Solvent scour for removing oils, wax and grease tfom goods prior to dyeing Properties Liq. 100% cone. 

Deviation includes, in fact, the summation of steric and electronic effects, and basicity is somewhat a useful predictor for properties of complex dyes (solvent sensitivity, isomeric forms of trinuclear dyes) and gives also semiquantitative data for color structure relation (atomic)... 

Organic Dye Lasers. Organic dye lasers represent the only weU-developed laser type in which the active medium is a Hquid (39,40). The laser materials are dyestuffs, of which a common example is rhodamine 6G [989-38-8]. The dye is dissolved in very low concentration in a solvent such as methyl alcohol [67-56-17, CH OH. Only small amounts of dye are needed to produce a considerable effect on the optical properties of the solution. 

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