Soluble yarn

Indigo is a vat dye, which means that it was once applied in special vats. It and other vat dyes are insoluble in water. In dyeing, indigo is converted, or reduced, to a white form, which is soluble. Yarn or fabric is then dipped in the vat containing the reduced dye, which on leaving the vat is oxidized in the air back to blue. Tyrian purple and biblical blue are also vat dyes. 

SIZING COMPOUND. 1. A material such as starch, gelatin, casein, gums, oils, waxes, asphalt emulsions, silicones, rosin, and water-soluble polymers applied to yarns, fabrics, paper, leather, and other products to improve or increase their stillness, strength, smoothness, or weight 2. A material used to modify the cooked starch solutions applied to warp ends prior to weaving. 

Water soluble, antistatic lubricant for processing relatively clean fibres on the woollen system. Balanced frictional properties give improved fibre control in carding with film slubbings, reduced fibre breakage and more levels yarns. 

Particularly recommended for sizing synthetic and blended staple yarns but also suitable for use on cellulosics. It has good adhesion to most fibres and dries to.a tough flexible film. The product is water soluble and presents no difficulty in de-sizing. 

MERCERANT BEA is completely soluble in up to 25% caustic as well as in water, and its use accelerates wetting of fabric and yarn by high strength caustic, resulting in more rapid and complete penetration and thus in improved strength, luster, and absorbency. 

Water soluble, concentrated wet winding lubricant for apparel yarns. Provides lubricity with easy cleanup of machinery. 

Is a water soluble product primarily used in lubricating polypropylene yarns to improve their performance in carpet backings. 

The earliest claim, before the development of the electrolytic process, was for the use of oxystarch as a textile sizing-agent because of its alkali-lability, it could easily be removed from the yarn. Another use in textiles is for a highly alkali-soluble lace-backing from periodate-oxidized, cyano-ethylated-cellulose textiles. Because of its aldehydic character, oxystarch has been claimed as a useful tanning agent. - Oxystarches (D.O. 40-... 

To prepare carthamin, safflower is washed with water to remove the yellow dyestuff, and is then extracted with dilute soda solution, and filtered. Cotton yarn is immersed in the alkaline solution, and the liquid acidulated with citric acid. The cotton takes up the carthamin, which is removed with soda solution, and precipitated with citric acid. Obtained in this manner carthamin forms a lustrous green powder, sparingly soluble iu water and ether, readily in alcohol. It dissolves in alkalies with yellowish-green colour. On fusion with potash it gives oxalic acid and para-oxy-benzoic acid. Carthamin dyes animal fibres and unmordanted cotton from a slightly acid bath. It produces a beautiful pink colour on silk. 

Quantitative determination of the percentage of fiber in a yarn/fabric blend (solubility test)... 

Yarns which have a composition corresponding with polyvinyl alcohol, known as Vinylon, have been used with some success in Japan. The polymer is soluble in water and is therefore of no textile value. Treatment with formaldehyde, however, builds ether linkages between adjacent carbon atoms attached to hydroxyl groups as shown in the equation ... 

Tints are fugitive dyestuffs, either oil- or water-soluble, which are used for identification of blends in processing. They are readily removed from the yarn or fabric at a later stage of manufacture. 

Acrylic and modacrylic fibers are produced by either dry or wet spinning. As a result of the strong interraolecular attractions present in the acrylics, the only solvents that are suitable are those that are very polar and thus capable of disrupting these secondary valence bonds. These include Af.AT-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl acetamide. Modacrylics, however, are soluble in more volatile, lower polarity solvents such as acetone. After spinning the residual solvent in acrylics must be removed by washing, and the fibers are drawn either dry (in a hot air oven or over-heated rolls at 80-110 °C) or wet (in steam or hot water at 70-100 °C). Finally the yarns must be dried... 

Testing Procedures. The tensile properties of dry and wet warp yarns from control and treated samples were measured by ASTM D2256-66T on an Instron Tensile Tester, Model TM using a gauge length of 3 inches and a rate of extension of 33% per minute (Table I). Wrinkle recovery (dry and wet) values were determined by AATCC test method 66-1978 (Table 11). The felting shrinkage and alkali solubilities were determined by the methods outlined by Haron (14) (Table II). 

The serpentine form of asbestos, known as chrysotile, is mined chiefly in Canada and the former Soviet Union more than 90% of the asbestos used in the United States is in this form. The amphi-bole crocidolite is mined in small quantities, mainly in South Africa. The two minerals differ greatly in composition, color, shape, solubility, and persistence in human tissue. Crocidolite is blue, relatively insoluble, and persists in tissue. Its fibers are long, thin, and straight and they penetrate narrow lung passages. In contrast, chrysotile is white, and it tends to be soluble and disappear in tissue. Its fibers are curly they ball up like yarn and are more easily rejected by the body. Scientific studies of many types and by groups in many countries have shown that chrysotile asbestos is significantly less of a health hazard than other types. It is important to note that almost all manufactured materials in the United States contain only this form of asbestos. 

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