Solubility partition and

L. Molin, et al., Solubility, partition, and adsorption of digitalis glycosides. Acta Pharmacol. Suec. 20 129-144, 1983. 

Thomsen, M., Rasmussen, A.G. and Carlsen, L., SAR/QSAR approaches to solubility, partitioning and sorption of phthalates, Chemosphere, 38, 2613-2624, 1999. 

Note that the same classification system used before for solubility, partition, and heat of mixing can serve as a rough guide here also. The correlation of curve shape is not completely dependable. For example, though some of Parshad s data (1577) fit Fig. 2-16, he reports curves such as that in (b) for ether-chlorcrfbrm and ether-benzene even though the first would be expected to behave like acetone-chloroform and the second like CCU-ethyl acetate. 

Panchagnula R, Desu RH, Jain A, Khandavilli S (2005) Feasibility studies of dermal delivery of paclitaxel with binary combinations of ethanol and isopropyl myiistate role of solubility, partitioning and lipid bilayer perturbatirai. Farmaco 60 894—899... 

Many studies point to the significance of conformational factors in influencing solubility, partitioning, and even bioavailability of flexible com-pounds. 0 54,55,158-160 Because the above-described log P calculation methods are based on a static view of molecular structure, they will fail to model adequately dynamic equilibrium properties such as lipophilicity and biodistribution. There are at least two distinct ways to approach the lipophilic behavior of flexible compounds ... 

Thus one must rely on macroscopic theories and empirical adjustments for the determination of potentials of mean force. Such empirical adjustments use free energy data as solubilities, partition coefficients, virial coefficients, phase diagrams, etc., while the frictional terms are derived from diffusion coefficients and macroscopic theories for hydrodynamic interactions. In this whole field of enquiry progress is slow and much work (and thought ) will be needed in the future. 

Strictly speaking Eq. (8-51) should be applied only to reacting systems whose molecular properties are consistent with the assumptions of regular solution theory. This essentially restricts the approach to the reactions of nonpolar species in nonpolar solvents. Even in these systems, which we recall do not exhibit a marked solvent dependence, correlations with tend to be poor. - pp Nevertheless, the solubility parameter and its partitioning into dispersion, polar, and H-bonding components provide some insight into solvent behavior that is different from the information given by other properties such as those in Tables 8-2 and 8-3. 

We have already encountered the ir, a, and p quantities. The 8h term is inserted to account for the cavity effect. Equation (8-80) is a 12-parameter equation for which considerable generality is claimed, in that it is said to be applicable to chemical rates and equilibria, spectra, solubilities, partition coefficients, and even biological responses. Usually, of course, by judicious selection of solvents, it is possible to reduce the number of parameters by ensuring that some terms are negligible.An example requiring most of the parameters in Eq. (8-80) is the solvolysis/dehydrohalogenation of r-butyl chloride in 21 HBD and non-HBD solvents, for which this correlation was found ... 

A relative scale of the standard Gibbs energies of ion transfer or the standard ion transfer potentials can be established based on partition and solubility measurements. The partition eqnilibrium of the electrolyte can be characterized by a measnrable parameter, the partition coefficient P x-... 

Injecting a solution consisting of a water-soluble tracer and a partitioning tracer that distributes between the formation oil and water into the formation through a temporary injection well... 

Investigations on phase ratio are also useful. This does not only affect partition and concentration of components (both water-soluble and poorly water-soluble), but also reduces the reaction inhibition by the product, the substrate excess or any other chemical inhibitor [37,40]. 

Sediment may be added by bulk mixing via imbricate thnisting (Bebout and Barton 2002), dehydration (Class et al. 2000), or melting (Johnson and Plank 1999). The latter two may differ in their P-T conditions and, therefore, residual mineralogy as well as relevant partition coefficients. In general, fluids are less effective transport agents than melts (i.e., trace elements are more soluble in melt than in pure water or even brine), but fluid/solid partitioning can fractionate some elements, notably Ba-Th and U-Th, more than melt/solid. However, as pressure increases, the distinction between fluid and melt decreases as their mutual solubility increases and they approach a critical end-point. 

The log Kow, water solubilities, and Henry s law constants of several of the components that are present in the organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids included in this profile have been measured and are presented in Tables 3-4, 3-5, 3-8, and 3-9. In general, chemicals with low Kow (log Knw <1) tend to have high water solubilities, do not sorb to sediments, and do not bioconcentrate chemicals with high Kow tend to have low water solubilities, partition to sediments and soil, and bioconcentrate in fish (Lyman et al. 1982). Most of the values presented above are for mixtures and are the average values for all of the components in the mixture. 

Chiarini, A. Tartarini, A. Fini, A., pH-solubility relationship and partition coefficients for some anti-inflammatory arylaliphatic acids, Arch. Pharm. 317, 268-273 (1984). 

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