Tracers partitioning

Injecting a solution consisting of a water-soluble tracer and a partitioning tracer that distributes between the formation oil and water into the formation through a temporary injection well... 

Chen, L. and Knox, R. C., 1997, Using Vertical Circulating Wells for Partitioning Tracer Test and Remediation of DNAPLs GroundWater Monitoring Remediation, Summer, pp. 161-168. 

Dwarakanath, V., 1997. Characterization and Remediation of Aquifers Contaminated by Nonaque-ous Phase Liquids Using Partitioning Tracers and Surfactants. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin. 

A relatively new and promising application of Rn is its use as partitioning tracer in studies of aquifers contaminated by non-aqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). Hunkeler et al. 

An initial tracer test was performed at 100% water saturation to estimate the pore volume and determine the homogeneity of the soil pack in columns. Then 1.1 to 1.5 pore volumes of DNAPL were injected from the bottom at an interstitial velocity of 6 to 7 m/d. The flow direction was then reversed and about 5 pore volumes of water were injected from the top of the column at an interstitial velocity of 6 to 7 m/d until residual DNAPL saturation was reached. In order to reach residual jet fuel saturations, jet fuel was injected from the top followed by a waterflood from the bottom of the soil column. In each case, the flow direction corresponds to the gravity stable direction. Residual NAPL saturations were calculated based on the difference in weight of the uncontaminated soil column and the contaminated soil column. The residual saturation estimate based on weighing the soil column will be referred to as the mass balance estimate of residual NAPL saturation. Residual saturations were also estimated from partitioning tracer tests [40]. The surfactant solutions were injected into the column from the top for the DNAPLs and from the bottom in case of the LNAPLs since these are the favorable directions with respect to gravity. A list of the column experiments discussed in this chapter is given in Table 1. 

A comparison of the residual NAPL saturations after surfactant flooding based on both partitioning tracers and mass balance measurements is presented in Table 6. The apparent final residual DNAPL saturation estimates range from —0.0038 to 0.0046 from the mass balance and from 0.0001 to 0.005 from the partitioning tracers. The negative values from the mass balance are obviously experimental error and indicate that the mass balance error is on the order of 0.004 saturation units. This corresponds to only about 0.2 mL of DNAPL. 

The last five column experiments represent the best performance since the surfactant solution contained dihexyl sulfosuccinate and IPA and the DNAPL was either pure TCE or Hill DNAPL. For these best experiments, final residual DNAPL saturations on the order of 0.0002 were estimated based on partitioning tracers, which corresponds to a removal of 99.9% of the contaminant. The experimental error in the partitioning tracer method under these conditions is estimated to be about 10% of the residual saturation or 0.0002, whichever is greater. The error is very small due to the use of a partitioning tracer with a very high partition coefficient, which in this case was n-heptanol. n-Heptanol has a partition coefficient of approximately 140 for the Hill DNAPL and 90 for pure TCE. Within experimental error, all the DNAPL has been removed from these soil columns. This is consistent with the final TCE concentration in the water for the experiment in which a stainless steel column was used. In that... 

The partitioning tracer test is a valuable and accurate complement to mass balance for estimating the residual NAPL saturation before and after surfactant flooding. 

Jin, M., 1995. Surfactant Enhanced Remediation and Interwell Partitioning Tracer Test for Characterization of NAPL Contaminated Aquifers. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. 

Good vertical and areal sweep Tracer test transit times BHP responses by SRO gauge Logged or partition tracers 8So interference tests... 

Kharaka YK, Carothers WW, Rosenbauer RJ (1983) Thermal decarboxylation of acetic acid implications for origin of natural gas. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47 397-402 Knaepen WAI, Tijssen R, van den Berger EA (1990) Experimental aspects of partitioning tracer tests for residual oil saturation determination with FIA-based laboratory equipment. SPE Reservoir Eng 5 239-244... 

To improve the evaluation of a water and gas pilot, tracers were injected in the gas phase at the beginning of the first two-gas injection periods. Per-fluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoromethylcyclohexane were used. In laboratory studies, these compounds were shown to have a higher partitioning to the oil phase than did tritiated methane. This caused a minor retention of the tracer [518,1119],... 

Meinardus, H. W., Jackson, R. E., Jin, M., Londergan, J. T., Taffinder, S., and Ginn, J. S., 1998, Characterization of a DNAPL Zone with Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests In Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids, Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds (edited by G. B. Wickramanayake and E. Hinchee), Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, pp. 143-148. 

Whitley, G., et al., 1999, Contaminated Vadose Zone Characterization Using Partitioning Gas Tracers Journal of Environmental Engineering, June, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 574-582. 

NMR properties, 33 213, 274 partitioning, yeast hexokinase, 28 343, 344 tracer measurements, 32 320... 

Both antimony-124 and antinomy-125 radioisotopes are used as industrial and metallurgical tracers. A unique use is as a partition or separator between different types of fluids flowing through the same pipeline. Its radioactivity can mark where one type of fluid ends and a different fluid begins. 

Because Li isotopes may be used as a tracer to identify the existence of recycled material in the mantle, systematic studies of arc lavas have been undertaken (Morignti and Nakamura 1998 Tomascak et al. 2000 Leeman et al. 2004 and others). However, most arc lavas have 5 Li values that are indistinguishable from those of MORB. Thus Li seems to be decoupled from other fluid mobile elements, becanse Li can partition into Mg-silicates (pyroxene, olivine) in the mantle (Tomascak et al. 2002). 

Fig. 2. Experimental design of a C tracer experiment for the determination of the flux partitioning ratio between pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis ( ppp) C label distribution from l- C glucose through the network with C atoms (black) and C atoms (white)...

Table 24.5 Characteristic Data of Chemical Tracers Used for the Gas Exchange Experiment Nondimensional Henry s Law Constant, Ki3/vi, Molecular Diffusion Coefficient in Air, Dia, and Water, Diw, Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient, Kiow, All valid for 4°C (Data from Cirpka et al., 1993)...

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