Solubility, of sparingly soluble

An important application of the solubility product principle is to the calculation of the solubility of sparingly soluble salts in solutions of salts with a common... [Pg.26]

The rates of multiphase reactions are often controlled by mass tran.sfer across the interface. An enlargement of the interfacial surface area can then speed up reactions and also affect selectivity. Formation of micelles (these are aggregates of surfactants, typically 400-800 nm in size, which can solubilize large quantities of hydrophobic substance) can lead to an enormous increase of the interfacial area, even at low concentrations. A qualitatively similar effect can be reached if microemulsions or hydrotropes are created. Microemulsions are colloidal dispersions that consist of monodisperse droplets of water-in-oil or oil-in-water, which are thermodynamically stable. Typically, droplets are 10 to 100 pm in diameter. Hydrotropes are substances like toluene/xylene/cumene sulphonic acids or their Na/K salts, glycol.s, urea, etc. These. substances are highly soluble in water and enormously increase the solubility of sparingly. soluble solutes. [Pg.9]

A variety of new water-soluble ligands are being developed and the role of additives, particularly for enhancing solubility of sparingly soluble solutes in water, has been assessed even the use of (3-cyclodextrin to increase solubility has been studied. [Pg.142]

Massaldi, H.A., King, C.J. (1973) Simple technique to determine solubilities of sparingly soluble organics solubility and activity coefficients of d-limonene, butylbenzene, and n-hexyl acetate in water and sucrose solutions../. Chem. Eng. Data 18,393-397. McAuliffe, C. (1963) Solubility in water of Q - C9 hydrocarbons. Nature (London) 200, 1092-1093. [Pg.401]

Hayashi, M., Sasaki, T. (1956) Measurements of solubilities of sparingly soluble liquids in water and aqueous detergent solutions using nonionic surfactant. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 29, 857. [Pg.609]

Ksp, known as the solubility product, is widely used as a measure of the solubility of sparingly soluble salts. It should be noted that the dimensions of this constant will change according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. [Pg.46]

Massaldi, H.A. and King, CJ. Simple technique to determine solubilities of sparingly soluble organics solubility and activity... [Pg.1692]

Mitchell, S. A method for determining the solubility of sparingly soluble substances, / Chem. Soc. (London), 1333-1337,1926. Mittal, P.K., Adak, T., and Sharma, V.P. Comparative toxicity of certain mosquitocidal compounds to larvivorous fish, PoeciZ/a... [Pg.1698]

Sobotka, H. and Kahn, J. Determination of solubility of sparingly soluble liquids in water, / Am. Chem. Soc, 53(8) 2935-2938,... [Pg.1725]

Avdeef, A. (2007) Solubility of sparingly-soluble drugs. In Special issue. Dressman, J., Reppas, C. (eds) The importance of drug solubility. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 59, 568-590. [Pg.90]

In essence there are three ways of determining these constants, namely, conductimetry 195,886), potentiometry 184, 289,887, 866), and the determination of the solubility of sparingly soluble metallic salts in presence of triphosphate (I48, 167, 335). [Pg.34]

Simultaneous Determination of the Ionization Constant and the Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Drug Substances 225... [Pg.137]

The increase in solubility of benzoic acid in concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali metal benzoate (salting-in) has been explained by a mechanism including homoconjugation. Generally, homoconjugation increases the solubility of sparingly soluble salts. If HA is... [Pg.73]

Our approach is similar to one by J. L. Guinon, J. Garcia-Anton, and V. Perez-Herranz, Spreadsheet Techniques for Evaluating the Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts of Weak Acids, J. Chem. Ed. 1999, 76, 1157. [Pg.671]

Ksp is an equilibrium constant governing the solubility of sparingly soluble compounds. [Pg.220]

Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts, the "Common Ion" Effect and Le Chatelier s Principle... [Pg.162]

Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts of Weak Acids or Weak Bases... [Pg.7]

Solubility of sparingly soluble salts of weak acids in strong mineral acids The solubility product principle enables us to give a simple explanation of this phenomenon, which is of relatively frequent occurrence in quantitative analysis. Typical examples are the solubilities of calcium oxalate or barium carbonate in hydrochloric acid. When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a suspension of calcium oxalate, the following equilibria will occur simultaneously ... [Pg.81]

Determination of Solubilities of Sparingly Soluble Electrolytes.— If a slightly soluble electrolyte dissociates in a simple manner, it is possible to calculate the saturation solubility from conductance measure-... [Pg.68]

A simple equation [(3-27) or (3-28)] may therefore be used in almost all practical situations involving titration end points. But, in the calculation of solubilities of sparingly soluble salts of polybasic weak acids, the concentration of anion may be so low that successive hydrolysis steps must be considered (Section 7-4). [Pg.41]

Cosolvents, such as ethanol or higher alcohols, and surfactants are often used in a formulation to enhance the solubility of sparingly soluble compounds or to modify the stability of the drug molecule. Cosolvents will change the polarity and, in some cases, the viscosity of the medium. This may influence the photochemical... [Pg.2861]

Yasunishi, A. Solubilities of sparingly soluble gases in aqueous sodium sulfate and sulfite solutions. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 1977, 10, 89-94. [Pg.166]

This paper is devoted to the verification of the quality of experimental data regarding the solubility of sparingly soluble solids, such as drugs, environmentally important substances, etc. in mixed solvents. A thermodynamic consistency test based on the Gibbs-Duhem equation for ternary mixtures is suggested. This test has the form of an equation, which connects the solubilities of the solid, and the activity coefficients of the constituents of the solute-free mixed solvent in two mixed solvents of close compositions. [Pg.232]

The experimental data regarding the solubility of sparingly soluble substances can be verified with the suggested test if accurate data for the activity coefficients of the constituents of the solute-free mixed solvent are available. [Pg.232]

The test was applied to a number of systems representing the solubilities of sparingly soluble substances in mixed solvents. First, the test was scrutinized for four nonaqueous systems for which accurate solubility data were available. Second, the suggested test was applied to a number of systems representing experimental data regarding the solubility of sparingly soluble substances in aqueous mixed solvents. [Pg.232]

You will determine the solubilities of sparingly soluble ionic compounds. [Pg.558]

Relate the solubilities of sparingly soluble salts in water to their solubility product constants (Section 16.2, Problems 7-16). [Pg.699]

Determine the effect of complex-ion formation on the solubility of sparingly soluble salts involving a common cation (Section 16.6, Problems 47-48). [Pg.700]

CD-ROM Simulation "Exploration of Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Ionic Compounds. [Pg.239]

Avdeef, A. (2007) Solubility of sparingly-soluble ionizable drugs. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 59, 568-590. [Pg.30]

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