Metal salt solubility

Transition metal catalysis in liquid/liquid biphasic systems principally requires sufficient solubility and immobilization of the catalysts in the IL phase relative to the extraction phase. Solubilization of metal ions in ILs can be separated into processes, involving the dissolution of simple metal salts (often through coordination with anions from the ionic liquid) and the dissolution of metal coordination complexes, in which the metal coordination sphere remains intact. 

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Metal salt performance is poor outside its pH range window because of metal salt solubility and failure to produce precipitates. 

Viscous, fibrous NH4 and alkali metal salts soluble... 

Other areas of interest include stabilization of noncommon oxidation states, solvent extraction of cations, transfer of cations through membranes, isotopic separation, detoxification of harmful and radioactive metals, metal recovery, metal trace analysis, ion chromatography on polymer-supported cryptands, and chromo- and fluoro-ionophores. More organic-chemistry-orientated applications can be mentioned, including enhancement of metal salt solubility in organic solvents, anion activation, phase-transfer catalysis, and anionic polymerization. Many of these applications are covered in other articles in this encyclopedia as well as in the literature. 

The reductions are exothermic and are generally completed within a few hours. In addition to the metal powder, one or more moles of alkali salt are generated. Convenient systems of reducing agents and solvents include potassium and THF, sodium and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and sodium or potassium with benzene or toluene. For many metal salts, solubility considerations restrict reductions to ethereal solvents. Also, for some metal salts, reductive cleavage of the ethereal solvents requires reductions in hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene or toluene. This is the case for Al, In, and Cr. When reductions... 

Although they cannot reject any dissolved salts or other low-molecular-weight soluble matter, UF systems can remove very fine particulate material and high-molecular-weight organic matter from water streams. To remove any low-molecular-weight soluble species with a UF membrane, a process must occur to convert the soluble matter to particulate form. As examples, soluble phosphorus may be precipitated with a metal salt, soluble organics may be adsorbed onto powdered activated carbon, and soluble iron may be oxidized to particulate form. All of these processes and others will allow a UF membrane to remove even soluble matter. 

Azido-l//-tetrazole (subsequently just 5-azidotetrazole) forms monoclinic colorless needles with a theoretical maximum density 1.72 g cm. Melting point is 75 °C [77]. It is, just like its alkali metal salts, soluble in water, acetone, ether, and ethanol. Lead, mercury, and silver salts are insoluble in these solvents [1,78], The potassium salt of 5-azidotetrazole is stable in aqueous and alcoholic solutions, but it explodes spontaneously if traces of acetic acid are present, even in acetone solution [78], The 5-azidotetrazoles are fairly stable in storage when in the pure state [1],... 

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