Solid resin systems

Uses Pigment toner for high solids resin systems, automotive and industrial finishes, plastics (vinyls, polyolefins, PS), textile inks Features Minimal effect on rheological props. exc. weatherfastness exc, heat stability in molded PP... 

Uses Colorant, pigment for printing inks, lacquers, plastics (polyolefins, PVC, PS, ABS), powd. coatings, finishes, artists colors, automotive, industrial, and architectural finishes, printing inks, textile inks, high solids resin systems... 

The dilution properties of hyperbranched polymers also differ from those of linear polymers. In a comparison between two alkyd resin systems, where one was a conventional high solid alkyd and the other based on a hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, the conventional high solid alkyd was seen to exhibit a higher viscosity [113]. A more rapid decrease in viscosity with solvent content was noted for the hyperbranched alkyd when the polymers were diluted. 

Amorphous material often produces tie chains that connect two or more different crystals. These tie chains increase the properties of the solid resin by forming a temporary three-dimensional crosslinked system. As the resin is melted in an extruder, the crystals and the tie chains are destroyed, and the polymer acts like a... 

A key element in the original Merriheld procedure of solid-phase synthesis is the solid support system. That system consists of two parts a resin head and a. linker, an organic compound used to join the hrst amino acid to the resin head. The resin beads used by Merriheld are small spherical objects made of cross-linked polystyrene. This material consists primarily of the polymer polystyrene whose linear molecules are linked to each other at various positions by the addition of divinylhenzene (CH2 = CHCgH jCH =CH2). The hnal cross-linked material is relatively rigid, with enough hexihility to permit... 

Frequency dependent complex impedance measurements made over many decades of frequency provide a sensitive and convenient means for monitoring the cure process in thermosets and thermoplastics [1-4]. They are of particular importance for quality control monitoring of cure in complex resin systems because the measurement of dielectric relaxation is one of only a few instrumental techniques available for studying molecular properties in both the liquid and solid states. Furthermore, It is one of the few experimental techniques available for studying the poljfmerization process of going from a monomeric liquid of varying viscosity to a crosslinked. Insoluble, high temperature solid. 

Phenyl-5-bromodifluoromethyl-l,2,4-oxadiazole was obtained in the system PhC(=NOH)NH2/BrCF2COOEt/Et3N/toluene ". 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles can be also successfully obtained from amidoximes linked to solid resin and (C1CH2C0)20 in 2-methoxyethyl ether (MeOCH2CH2)203 ... 

Since the binder systems are solid at room temperature, they can be produced by the existing methods used for powder coafingsd Solid resins, pigments, photoinitiators, and other additives are premixed, then melted and dispersed in an extruder at 100 to 130°C (212 to 266°F). The molten blend is then squeezed into a thin ribbon between chilled rolls. This ribbon is further cooled to near room temperature on a water-cooled cooling belt. The cooled ribbon is broken first into flake and then ground into a fine powder ready for use. The process is illustrated in Figure 7.15. 

Because the binder systems are solid at room temperature, they can be produced by the existing methods used for powder coatings.32 Solid resins, pigments, photoinitiators and other additives are premixed, then melted and dispersed in an extruder... 

When an excess water is present in a solid acid system, however,it would solvate the —S03H to form -S03 H30+ or dissociate to form a free H30+ ion in an extreme case [13], In such rases, catalytically active species changes from a fixed proton to a fixed or free Il30+. Not only this would reduce the reaction rate [14], but the steric hindrance is also relaxed. Hence, the lowered HCHO conversion and the formation of the N—benzyl compound as shown in Fig. 2 for the reused resin catalyst could be understood. 

Viscosities of liquid epoxy systems are usually measured with a rotating spindle instrument, such as a Brookfield viscometer. Solid resins are usually dissolved in solvent for viscosity measurement by these instruments. Temperature and spindle speed are important... 

By proper combination of solvents, it is possible to reduce the viscosity of a given resin system while preserving the solids content at a given percent. For instance, a typical formulation consisting of 70% DGEBA with 30% of solvent system A (below) provides a viscosity... 

Blending of Lignin-Phenolic Resin System. The methylolated lignin was blended with the phenolic resins at a solid weight ratio of 75/25 and at room temperature. The mixture was mechanically stirred for 15 minutes. The gel time, pH, and solids content were determined for each resin system. 

Experiment 2. Effect of Molar Ratio of Sodium Hydroxide to Phenol of Phenolic Resin on Strength Properties of Lignin-Phenolic Resin Adhesives. Sodium hydroxide has been the predominant chemical used as a catalyst in resol resin technology. Through variation in the amounts of the catalyst and the method of catalyst addition, a wide variety of resin systems can be formulated. This experiment examined the properties of phenolic resins formulated with various sodium hydroxide/phenol ratios and their effects on the bond properties of structural flakeboards made with lignin-phenolic resin adhesive systems. Variables for resin preparation were four molar ratios of sodium hydroxide/phenol (i.e., 0.2, 0.45,0.7, and 0.95). The formaldehyde/phenol ratio and solids content were fixed at 3/1 and 42%, respectively. 

Experiment 3. Effect of Phenolic Resin Solid Content on Strength Properties of Lignin-Phenolic Resin System. Past experience has shown that the optimum solids content of typical phenolic resin formulations is between 40% to 50%. 

The most popular is the 40% solids content family, since it seems to give a little better cost/performance relationship. This experiment examined the effect of phenolic resin solids on the properties of structural flakeboards bonded with the lignin-phenolic resin system. The variables were three levels of phenolic resin solids content - 39%, 46%, and 54%. The formaldehyde/phenol ratio and NaOH/phenol ratio were 3/1 and 0.7/1, respectively. 

Applications for cold-setting, wood-laminating adhesives initially followed the same approach (47) used for laminating resins from western hemlock (38) (i.e., reaction of tannin with phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde prepolymers). Improvements resulted through the application of Kreibich s Honeymoon technique (48) wherein one side of the material to be bonded is treated with resin and the other with catalyst. One of the preferred systems (49) was phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde or tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde at pH 8 with extra paraformaldehyde on the A-side and tannin at 53% solids or tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde at pH 12 on the B-side. Such resin systems are currently used to laminate eucalyptus or pine in most South African timber-laminating plants. 

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