Solid/liquid separation equipments types

For solid-liquid extraction, the raw material needs to be ground to the proper size for the extraction equipment used. This shortens the path of diffusion, reducing the required extraction time. In grinding plant materials, the control of fines is very important for many operations. Too many fines can prevent percolation-type extractors from operating properly. In addition, fine material can be carried in the product extract, necessitating their removal by filtration or by using other solid-liquid separation equipment. 

Classification of Solid-Liquid Separation Equipment Based on Suitability for Duty and Slurry Type... 

Equipment Selection Criteria and Guidelines A number of factors should be considered to determine when to select which type ofvapor/gas/solid-liquid separator (blowdown drum or cyclone separator) to handle a multiphase stream from a relief device, and which final control or destruction equipment (emergency flare, emergency scrubber, or quench pool/catch tank) should be selected. These factors include the plot plan space available, the operating limitations of each type, and the physicochemical properties of the stream. 

The Air Quality Control Systems (AQCS) using lime/limestone wet scrubbing have three basic types of chemical process equipment (1) scrubbers, (2) reaction tanks, and (3) solid-liquid separators, in addition to several auxiliary pieces of equipment such as pumps, demisters, and reheaters. The SO2 in the flue gas is transferred into the liquid in the scrubber, the sulfur in the liquid is converted to solid calcium sulfite, and calcium sulfate in the reaction tanks and solid calcium sulfite and sulfate are separated from the liquid and disposed from the solid-liquid separators such as clarifiers, vacuum filters, and ponds. 

The simplest type of extraction equipment is the stirred tank, coupled with a solid-liquid separation step such as a screen, filter, or centrifuge to separate the marc from the extract. This equipment is readily available in a wide variety of sizes and can be operated as a single-batch extractor or run in series in a countercurrent mode as shown in Figure 11.6. 

Solid-liquid separation systems generally consist of four stages including pretreatment, solid concentration in thickeners, solid separation in filters or centrifuges, and post-treatment by expression and washing operations. There are different types of SLS equipment served for different functions in relation to the four stages. Product specification, characteristics of solid-liquid suspension, solid settling velocity, rate of cake... 

Abstract Industrial filtration operations involving textile filter media are found in the production of countless items that we encounter in our everyday lives, and yet more operations are engaged in protecting the environment. The chapter attempts to provide a brief overview of the filtration mechanisms that are involved both in industrial dust collection and solid-liquid separation processes, and the equipment types that are engaged in each. The chapter also describes the types of textile filter media that are employed in the various operations, their component strengths and weaknesses, and some of the finishing treatments that are applied to enhance their efficiency. 

Although FDS is able to produce a shortlist of equipment, it is possible to further refine the equipment choice. This requires consideration of additional selection parameters (indicated through Tables 5.7-5.11) and provides a basis for deciding which types of solid/liquid separation device merit the time and cost of executing detailed testing and/or simulation programmes. 

Depending on the task of the separation process, a large number of different types of equipment for the solid-liquid separation are available. Criteria for the selection are, inter alia, the filtration properties of the crop and the size of the particles, the suspension density, and the mode of operation, batchwise or continuous. Two main types of solid-liquid separations can be distinguished, cake forming filtration under pressure and centrifugation. In both cases, the crystals form a filter cake on a medium through which the mother liquor has to pass. The resistance is the rate-limiting step for the filtration and the characteristic property of the suspension. 

This Handbook has aimed to introduce a new practitioner to the range of filters and related types of equipment, especially those intended for utility service use. For each type, broad indications have been given as to their particular applications, and those recommendations are brought together in this final section. No attempt is made, however, to provide a thorough guide to filter selection for that, the reader is guided to the book by Richard Wakeman and Steve Tarleton on equipment selection (Solid/Liquid Separation Principles of Industrial Filtration, published by Elsevier Ltd, 2005). 

Inclined plate clarification is a traditional separation technology that has been used for decades to remove suspended solids from a liquid stream in various types of systems including traditional precipitation [12]. In the semiconductor industry, the clarifier is commonly used in fluoride waste treatment systems where calcium fluoride precipitate is concentrated prior to dewatering in a press, or in assembly/test operations to separate silicon fines from backgrind operations. The clarifier will concentrate the solid phase of slurry like a UF, but unlike the UF or MF, the clarifier may require the addition of a chemical polymer to facilitate the agglomeration of the suspended solids so that they settle and concentrate. Polymer addition adds another level of complexity to the waste treatment system. The clarifier does not provide a physical barrier to prevent the transport of solids to downstream equipment, so it may be necessary to install a UF or MF downstream of the clarifier to capture extraneous particles or to protect the downstream equipment from clarifier upsets. 

In filtration processes the solids are separated from the liquid by passing (filtering) the slurry through some form of porous filter medium. Filtration is a widely used separation process in the chemical and other process industries. Many types of equipment and filter media are used, designed to meet the needs of particular applications. Descriptions of the filtration equipment used in the process industries and their fields of application can be found in various handbooks Perry et al. (1997), Dickenson... 

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