Solid/liquid ratio

Sorption of plutonium (l.fixlO-11 M) and americium (2xl0-9 M) in artificial groundwater (salt concentration 300 mg/liter total carbonate 120 mg/liter Ref. 59) on some geologic minerals, quartz, biotite, o apatite, o attapulgite, montmorillonite. Dashed lines indicate the range for major minerals in igneous rocks. Experimental conditions room temperature, particle size 0.04-0.06 mm, solid/liquid ratio 6-10 g/1, aerated system, contact time 6 days. 

Moisture content Oil content, fat solid/liquid ratio... 

Fig. 4.7.5 Si mulated proton signal decay from a low resolution NMR measurement ofthe solid/liquid ratio from an oil with 20% solid and 80% liquid (%-w/w).

M. C. M. Gribnau 1992, (Determination of solid/liquid ratios of fats and oils by low-resolution pulsed NMR), Trends Food Sci. Technol. 3, 186-190. 

Adsorption on Kaolinite. For kaolinite, the polymer adsorption density is strongly dependent on the solid/liquid ratio, S/L, of the clay suspension. As S/L increases, adsorption decreases. This S/L dependence cannot be due totally to autocoagulation of the clay particles since this dependence is observed even in the absence of Ca2+ at pH 7 and at low ionic strength where auto-coagulation as measured by the Bingham yield stress is relatively weak (21). Furthermore, complete dispersion of the particles in solvent by ultra-sonication before addition of... 

The adsorption plateaus on this solid, determined with each of the surfactants (Table II) and the individual CMC values, were used to calculate the adsorption constants input in the model. Figure 3 compares the total adsorption (sulfonate + NP 30 EO) of the pseudo-binary system investigated as a function of the initial sulfonate fraction of the mixtures under two types of conditions (1) on the powder solid, batch testing with a solid/liquid ratio, S/L = 0.25 g/cc (2) in the porous medium made from the same solid, for which this solid ratio is much higher (S/L = 4.0 g/cc). 

The differences between the two curves can be explained by the sulfonate (the most adsorbed surfactant) monomer concentrations at equilibrium, which were reached in both cases, considering the amounts of surfactants, liquid and solid present. Figure 4 shows a distinct evolution of monomer concentrations for the two solid/liquid ratios considered. 

Circulation Test Conditions for Additive Solutions in Porous Media The sand/kaolinite mixture described above was used to form sandpacks in a Rilsan cell (13 or 30 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter, 36 % porosity). The corresponding solid/liquid ratio was then 4.72 g/cc. 

Figure 4. Monomer concentration versus initial sulfonate fraction for two typical solid-liquid ratios.

Phase Equilibrium. An equation has been derived (14) which relates the desorption efficiency to the volume of solvent and the amount of sorbent. The equation assumes the system is in equilibrium and can be approached from either direction. That is, the same desorption efficiency should be obtained when the compound is initially in the solvent or the solid phase. This has been shown to apply to most organic compounds in the concentration range of interest in Industrial Hygiene analyses. The equations below can be used to optimize the solid/liquid ratio when developing an analytical procedure ... 

Gun propellants are manufactured by three different methods (i) solvent method (ii) semi-solvent method and (iii) solventless method. The solvent method is that most commonly used for the manufacture of gun propellants. Selection of the method for manufacture basically depends on the properties of the raw materials and the propellant formulation. While there are limitations for the manufacture of gun propellants by solventless and semi-solvent methods, the solvent method may be applied for almost every gun propellant formulation. The solid-liquid ratio of the ingredients and the type of nitrocellulose used usually decide the feasibility of manufacture by the solventless method. Some characteristics of solid gun propellants are given in Table 4.1. 

Localized NMR spectroscopy, which is often called as MRS in comparison with MRI, is not so familiar technique in food science, because a specific pulse sequence such as ISIS and a facility which can precisely follow the pulse sequence without any contamination from other position is needed for localization of position. The localized NMR is usually used together with NMR imaging. The study of solid/liquid ratios, fat structure and polymorphism and the kinetics of fat crystallization was reviewed [24], The potential of applications in food process development and control was offered. The localized spectra of sausages in areas of 0.3 mm X 0.05 mm (thickness of sample =1.5 mm) were obtained by the spin echo 2DFT method [113], in which the difference in the tissue structure was discussed with relation to the process and original materials. McCarthy et al. determined mobility of water in foams by using a localized spectroscopy [114]. T2 relaxation time varies in the foam as function of diameter and its variation was analyzed by the classic 2-state fast exchange model. 

Impregnation by Soaking, or with an Excess of Solution [2]. Excess liquid is eliminated by evaporation or by draining. Deposition of the active element is never quantitative. The quantity deposited depends on the solid/liquid ratio. Deposition is slow, requiring several hours or days. Extensive restructuring of the surface (loss of surface area, etc.) may occur. However, the method allows the distribution of the species to be very well controlled and high dispersions may be obtained. The method works best if ion/solid interactions are involved. 

Van Beresteyn, E.C.EI. 1972. Polymorphism in milkfat in relation to the solid/liquid ratio. Neth. Milk Dairy J. 26, 117-130. 

Table 3.22 Evolution ofthe concentration of benzene in water for a solid/liquid ratio of s/l = 0.06.

Table 3.23 Evolution of the concentration of benzene in A/ater for an s/l = 0.14 solid/liquid ratio.

Table 3.24 shows the computed data for k, for both solid/liquid ratios and the mean values if we consider the hypothesis of a linear equilibrium isotherm. 

Miles, C.A., G.A.J. Fursey, and R.C.D. Jones, Ultrasonic Estimation of Solid/Liquid Ratios in Fats, Oils, and Adipose Tissue, J. Sci. Food Agric. 36 218-228 (1985). 

Haughton, A.J., L.F. Vermas, and C. DerHollander, Determination of Solid-Liquid Ratio of Fats by Wide Line Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The Signal of Liquid Oils, Ibid. 48 7-9 (1971). 

FIGURE 6.7 Diagram of a single deck mechanical thickener for producing a clear supernatant and a solids enriched slurry from a pulp suspension in water. Slow-moving rakes transport sedimented solids toward thickened pulp outlet, and an exit valve for this stream allows control of the solid/liquid ratio. 

Ney, P., Zeta-Potentiale und Flotierbarkeit von Mineralen, Springer, Wien, 1973. Todorovic, Z.N., Milonjic, S.K., and Dondur, V.T., The influence of the solid/liquid ratio on the point of zero charge of alumina. Mater. Sci. Forum, 453/454, 361, 2004. Desset, S. et al.. Variation of the surface state of a-alumina through hydrothermal treatments. Colloids Surf. A, 196, 1, 2002. 

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