Solid cartridges

Rigid cartridges are produced by pressing a mixture made plastic either by means of a molten binding material (a nitro-hydrocarbon) or by a solution—collodion cotton in acetone for example. On cooling, or on evaporation of the solvent, the solid cartridge is obtained. 

Liquid-solid cartridge extraction (cartridges packed with a solid phase with adsorbing properties)... 

Measurements may be made directly with the extracts from filters, bulk collectors, particle collectors, solution bubblers, or diffusion tubes, or following concentration on solid cartridges or guard columns. Usually, air is first passed through the collected material and is then extracted into solutions for analysis. 

Hand loading either sholshells or solid cartridges is a superior way to learn more about shooting and shooting components. Loading data is not the same for lead as it is for steel or other non-toxic shot and one cannot simply substitute components. (Photo Rick Sapp)... 

Solid-Phase Extractions In a solid-phase extraction the sample is passed through a cartridge containing solid particulates that serve as the adsorbent material. For liquid samples the solid adsorbent is isolated in either a disk cartridge or a column (Figure 7.17). The choice of adsorbent is determined by the properties of the species being retained and the matrix in which it is found. Representative solid adsorbents... 

Solid-phase extraction cartridges (a) disk cartridge (b) column cartridge. 

A powerful tool now employed is that of diode array detection (DAD). This function allows peaks detected by UV to be scanned, and provides a spectral profile for each suspected microcystin. Microcystins have characteristic absorption profiles in the wavelength range 200-300 nm, and these can be used as an indication of identity without the concomitant use of purified microcystin standards for all variants. A HPLC-DAD analytical method has also been devised for measurement of intracellular and extracellular microcystins in water samples containing cyanobacteria. This method involves filtration of the cyanobacteria from the water sample. The cyanobacterial cells present on the filter are extracted with methanol and analysed by HPLC. The filtered water is subjected to solid-phase clean-up using C g cartridges, before elution with methanol and then HPLC analysis. 

A solid sorbent Tenax cartridge has a capacity of 100 fig of toluene. If samples were collected at a rate of 5 liters/min, calculate the maximum ambient concentration which can be determined by an hourly sample and a 15-min sample. 

Solids Particulates Gravity settler Gravity settler, Cylcone Coarse (Grit) filter, Cyclone Cartridge filter... 

There are two major types of filtration "cake" and "filter-medium" filtration. In the former, solid particulates generate a cake on the surface of the filter medium. In filter-medium filtration (also referred to as clarification), solid particulates become entrapped within the complex pore structure of the filter medium. The filter medium for the latter case consists of cartridges or granular media. Among the most common examples of granular materials are sand or anthracite coal. 

Diatomaceous media are available in various shapes. Their relatively uniform particle size establishes high efficiency in retaining solid particles of sizes less than 1/tm as well as certain types of bacteria. Media in the form of plates and cartridges are manufactured by sintering a mixture of diatomite with a binder. 

MEA systems foam rather easily resulting in excessive amine can y over from the absorber. Foaming can be caused by a number of foreign materials such as condensed hydrocarbons, degradation products, solids such as carbon or iron sulfide, excess corrosion inhibitor, valve grease, etc. Solids can be removed with cartridge filters. Hydrocarbon liquids aie usually removed in the flash tank. Degradation products are removed in a reclaimer as previously described. 

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