Solar hybrid

Chen J, Che Y, Zhao L. Design and research of off-grid wind-solar hybrid power generation systems. In 4th International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA) 8-10 June 2011 Hong Kong IEEE pp. 1-5. DOLIO. 1109/PESA. 2011.5982922. 

Fossil and solar hybridization system would be expected as a suitable candidate of softlanding path from fossil system onto sustainable energy system in future. 

Solar-Hybrid Gas Turbine-Based Power Tower Systan (REFOS),... 

The first solar-electric technology to arouse industry interest was solar-thermal energy (1,3,5,6,8). Under favorable circumstances, it can be cost-effective, as evidenced by the fact that solar-thermal gas-hybrid plants produce over 350 MW of commercial power in southern California. This power is used during peak demand to supplement that available from conventional generation. 

As of this writing (1996), 354 MWe of privately funded, paraboHc-trough electric generating capacity was operating in California. These trough systems operate in a hybrid mode, using natural gas. Collectively they accounted for more than 90% of worldwide solar electric capacity. The cost of these systems fell steadily from 0.24/kWh for the first 14-MW system to an estimated 0.08/kWh for the 80-MW plant installed in 1989 (5). 

The critical and relative evaluation of these various options including hybrid measures is necessary [22,23], One of our results in Fig. 4. [24] clearly shows the relative roll of solar, afforestation and biomass. We must put the right man in the right place. 

In any case, it is perceived from the above discussion that the problem of longterm chemical stability of polycrystalline semiconductor liquid junction solar cells is far from being solved. Still, as already pointed out in the early research, any practical photovoltaic and PEC device would have to be based on polycrystalline photoelectrodes. Novel approaches mostly involving specially designed PEC systems with alternative solid or gel electrolytes and, most importantly, hybrid/sensitized electrodes with properties dictated by nanophase structuring - to be discussed at the end of this chapter - promise new advances in the field. 

Huynh WU, Dittmer JJ, Ahvisatos AP (2002) Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells. Science 295 2425-2427... 

Plass R, Pelet S, Krueger J, Gratzel M, Bach U (2002) Quantum dot sensitization of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. J Phys Chem B 106 7578-7580... 

Vick BD, Neal BA. Analysis of off-grid hybrid wind turbine/solar PV water pumping systems. Solar Energy. 2012 86(5) 1197-1207. DOLIO. 1016/j. solener. 2012. 01. 012. 

Ambia MN, Islam MK, Shoeb MA, Maruf MNI, Mohsin ASM. An analysis design on micro generation of a domestic solar-wind hybrid energy system for rural remote areas—Perspective Bangladesh. In 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE), 2010 1-3 August 2010 Kyoto IEEE pp. V2-107-V2-110. DOI 10.1109/ICMEE. 2010. 5558476. 

The same group, in a previous work, reported on the realization of a hybrid anode electrode [197]. An appreciable improvement in methanol oxidation activity was observed at the anode in direct methanol fuel cells containing Pt-Ru and Ti02 particles. Such an improvement was ascribed to a synergic effect of the two components (photocatalyst and metal catalyst). A similar behavior was also reported for a Pt-Ti02-based electrode [198]. Another recent study involved the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alcohols performed on a Ti02 nanotube-based anode under solar irradiation [199]. 

Lancelle-Beltran, E. Prene, P Boscher, C. Belleville, R Buvat, P Lambert, S. Guillet, F. Boissiere, C. Grosso, D. Sanchez, C. 2006. Nanostructured hybrid solar cells based on self-assembled mesoporous titania thin films. Chem. Mater. 18 6152-6156. 

Lira-Cantu, M. Norrman, K. Andreasen, J. W. Casan-Pastor, N. Krebs, F. C. 2007. Semiconductor oxides as electron acceptors in hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells. ECS Trans. 3 1-9. 

COMMUNITY APPLICATIONS OF SMALL SCALE SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS. (1981) (Sponsor U.S. Department of Energy) ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SITING A SOLAR-COAL HYBRID POWER PLANT. Substudies Include ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT. AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL IMPACTS. (1981) (Sponsor U.S. Department of Energy)... 

Figure 12. Cooling of hybrid star configurations of Fig. 9 with color superconducting quark matter core in 2SC+X phase. Different lines correspond to hybrid star masses in units of the solar mass.

The Quaranta is a concept hybrid gas/electric vehicle with solar assist. The electric portion is made by Italdesign Giugiaro. The roof is a solar panel that charges the batteries and provides energy for the climate control system. The all wheel drive, mid-engined car accelerates from zero to 62 mph (100 kph) in 4.05 seconds and tops out at 155 mph. This is a three-seat high performance sports car. 

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