Hybrid solar cells phases

Before summarizing recent approaches for nano structuring electrodes and donor acceptor phases in a directed way toward interdigitated device structures as depicted in Figure 13.6d, the results of various NC-polymer-based hybrid solar cells are summarized in Table 13.3. 

However, physical methods suffer from microscopic-level phase separation [155] between the two constituents. This occurs due to the removal of solvent molecules which not only cause the aggregation of nanocrystals to form super-crystals but also lead to partial crystallization of regioregular polymeric chains. In such type of hybrids, it is difficult to realize the intimacy between QCNs and CP at nanometer scale. The loose networks of QCNs scatter the electrons in electronic devices which in turn leads to poor device efficiency, e.g., in solar cells, it is responsible for low photoconversion efficiency due to deterioration of the efficiency at charge generation, separation, and transport steps. In order to overcome above limitations, efforts have been made to improve the intimacy between the phases by adopting chemical methods that involve means for realizing chemical linking between two partners. 

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