Solar cells substrate configuration

Highly ordered potato chip like arrays were formed with the 0.01 M and 0.03 M concentration of Inch used in the reaction whereas formation of flower shaped structures with an average diameter 3 pm was found to cover entire FTO/compact-Ti02/nanoporous-Ti02 substrate when the concentration of Inch was increased to 0.1 M (Fig. 22). The pores of nanoporous-Ti02 film were also filled by CuInS2 nanoparticles. This later film was used to fabricate a heterojunction solar cell of configuration... 

A transient (time-of-flight) approach was used to find the diffusion coefficient of ferrocenium (Fc+) in a nanostructured Ti02 film in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) configuration. By measuring the tip response for Fc+ reduction (where Fc+ is produced by the photoreaction) as a function of tip-substrate distance, the Z)-value within the film could be determined. A steady-state measurement was used to measure the rate constant for the oxidation of F by the oxidized dye under irradiation with ZnO/eosin Y - or ZnO/dye D149 DSSCs. °... 

The in-line configuration consists of deposition chambers that are separated by isolation chambers [153]. The layer sequence of a solar cell structure prescribes the actual sequence of deposition chambers. The flexibility is much less than with a cluster configuration, and costs are generally much higher, but the throughput can also be much larger. In an in-line system the substrates can move while deposition takes place, which leads to very uniformly deposited layers, as uniformity of deposition is required only in one dimension (perpendicular to the moving direction). 

A schematic cross-section of a p-i-n a-Si H solar cell [11] is shown in Figure 72a. In this so-called superstrate configuration (the light is incident from above), the material onto which the solar cell structure is deposited, usually glass, also serves as a window to the cell. In a substrate configuration the carrier onto which the solar cell structure is deposited forms the back side of the solar cell. The carrier usually is stainless steel, but flexible materials such as metal-coated polymer foil (e.g. polyimid) ora very thin metal make the whole structure flexible [11]. 

The CdS/ZnO interface is of particular importance in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells because it is used in the standard cell configuration (Fig. 4.2). A first experimental determination of the band alignment at the ZnO/CdS interface has been performed by Ruckh et al. [102]. The authors have used ex-situ sputter-deposited ZnO films as substrates. The interface formation was investigated by stepwise evaporation of the CdS compound from an effusion cell. Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a valence band offset of A Vb = 1.2eV. An identical value of 1.18eV has been derived using first-principles calculations [103]. With the bulk band gaps of CdS and ZnO of 2.4 and... 

The poly-Si films obtained by ALILE process always show p-type behavior. On high temperature resistant foreign substrates, the p-type poly-Si can be transferred to n-type poly-Si by overdoping, e.g., by phosphorous diffusion at 950°C [68], This allows for other solar cell configurations (e.g., substrate/ n+-type ALILE seed layer/n-type absorber/p+-type emitter). 

Figure 1.2 Comparison of superstrate and substrate solar cell configurations, (a) Superstrate configuration used for CdSjCdTe solar cells, (b) Substrate configuration commonly used for CIGS solar cells.

Figure 18.1 Structural configurations of typical solar cell made on glass substrate with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The active layer can typically have three configurations (1) single organic layer, (2) bilayer (double-layer) heterojunction between donor and acceptor and (3) bulk heterojunction...

Figure 3.8 CIGS solar cell configurations (a) superstrate configuration (b) substrate configuration. Adapted from Romeo et al., 2004 with permission from John Wiley Sons, Ltd...

Ti02 films, sensitised with N719, on ITO-PET [poly(ethylene terephtha-late)] substrates which were assembled in a sandwich configuration with platinised SnOi on ITO-PET.On illumination with 100 W m simulated sunlight, an average efficiency of 4.5% was reported and an IPCE of 76% at the maximum, 530 nm. The solar cells were flexible and... 

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