Solar cells photovoltaics, organic

Keywords Charge-transfer state Organic electronics Organic solar cells Photovoltaics Solar energy... 

Within the vast field of solar cell devices, organic solar cells [258-261] are experiencing important progresses in their conversion efficiencies that will possibly make them, in the near future, a competitive alternative to silicon solar cells. Moreover, this class of solar cells presents several advantages with respect to their inorganic counterpart such as their low-cost production, easy fabrication, and lightweight, all features that could allow for the fabrication of large-area, foldable, and flexible photovoltaic devices. 

OPVs are suitable for various applications in materials science Organic light emitting diodes (OLED), field-effect transistors (FET), semiconductors (doped), photoconductors, solar cells, photovoltaic devices, optical brighteners, laser dyes, nonlinear optics (NLO), optical switching, imaging techniques, photoresists and liquid crystals [la-e, Ij-o, Ir, Iv, 27, 120]. Among these applications, two fields will be selected here, namely NLO and electroluminescence studies. 

A. Elschner and S. Kirchmeyer. 2008. PEDOT-type materials in organic solar cells. In Organic Photovoltaics Materials, Device Physics, and Manufacturing Technologies, ed. C. Brabec, V. Dyakonov, and U. Scherf. Weinheim WUey-VCH. 

Lira-Cantu, M. Krebs, F. C. 2005. Polymer photovoltaics From conjugated polymers to hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells. Recent Res. Dev.Appl. Phys. 8 71-98. 

Liu Z, He D, Wang Y et al (2010) Solution-processable functionalized graphene in donor/ acceptor-type organic photovoltaic cells. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94 1196-1200... 

The preceding sections described molecular interactions important in organic solar cells. This section discusses the impact of those interactions on the overall device behavior. Simulated electrical behavior for a typical solar cell is illustrated in Fig. 10. Under forward bias voltages 0 < V < Vqo typical photovoltaic device under illumination supplies power (P = / x V) to the external circuit (cf. lower panel of Fig. 10, dashed trace in first quadrant). The formalism used here implies that, under reverse bias, the organic material is reduced at the anode and oxidized at the cathode, while, under forward bias, the organic material is oxidized at the anode and reduced at the cathode. The short circuit current, J c, is approximately equal to... 

Thompson BC, Frechet JMJ (2008) Organic photovoltaics - polymer-fullerene composite solar cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 47 58... 

Groves C, Reid OG, Ginger DS (2010) Heterogeneity in polymer solar cells local morphology and performance in organic photovoltaics studied with scanning probe microscopy. Acc Chem Res 43 612... 

Wu JB, Becerril HA, Bao ZN, Liu ZF, Chen YS, Penmans P (2008) Organic solar cells with solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes. Appl Phys Lett 92 263302 De Arco LG, Zhang Y, Schlenker CW, Ryu K, Thompson ME, Zhou CW (2010) Continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition for organic photovoltaics. Acs Nano 4 2865... 

Organic semiconductor photovoltaic cells share many characteristics with both DSSCs and conventional cells. Charge generation occurs almost exclusively by interfacial exciton dissociation, as in DSSCs, but, in contrast, OPV cells usually contain no mobile electrolyte and thus rely on Vcharge separation. OPV cells may have planar interfaces, like conventional PV cells, or highly structured interfaces, like DSSCs. They provide a conceptual and experimental bridge between DSSCs and conventional solar cells. 

Photovoltaic Cells Used us a tunnelling (aver in an MIS solar cell or as an active laser in p-n junction diode, perhaps involving an inorgan ic/organic junction. 

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