Solution-processable functionalized graphene

Graphene has also been studied as the acceptor within the active layer of the cell (see Fig. 35). In these studies hydrophilic GO and solution-processable functionalized graphene (SPFGraphene) act as efficient acceptor moieties [272, 280]. In these cells it has been determined that the energy conversion efficiency depends on the graphene content and the annealing temperature of the cell when constructed (see Fig. 36). Conversion efficiencies vary from 0.034 to 1.4% for SPFGraphene [280] and from 2.1 to 3.8% for GO based solar devices [277]. 

Liu Z, He D, Wang Y et al (2010) Solution-processable functionalized graphene in donor/ acceptor-type organic photovoltaic cells. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 94 1196-1200... 

Wang S, Chia PJ, Chua LL, Zhao LH, Png RQ, Sivaramakrishnan S, Zhou M, Goh RGS, Friend RH, Wee ATS, Ho PKH (2008) Band-like transport in surface-functionalized highly solution-processable graphene nanosheets. Adv Mater... 

The fluorescence spectra of IMG, RGO, indolizine, and a mixed solution of indolizine and IMG were shown in Fig. 9.4. We can observe the photoluminescence intensity of IMG was only 6.58% of that of indolizine under the same measurement condition, i.e., the photoluminescence intensity of IMG is quenched by a factor of 93.4% on indolizine, showing that efficient energy transfer occurs along the indolizine/graphene interface, as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations [29, 30]. It is known that fluorescence quenching refers to any process that decreases the fluorescence intensity of a sample... 

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