Solar cells characteristics

Table 5.3. Solar cell characteristics (PF and Voc) of MDMO-PPV/PCBM bulk heterojunction devices for various interfacial layers (LiF, SiO ) with different thicknesses compared to a solar cell with a pristine A1 electrode, and also calculated diode characteristics Rs and Rp found using (5.39) for the various interfacial layers...

Figure 2.27 DSC solar cell characteristics. 1.2 nm thick nanowire ( ), 1.2 nm thick gyroid (A), and 1.4 jmi thick nanoparticle ( ) Ti02 arrays, (a) Absorption spectra after sensitization with N719 (inset), (b) Spectral response of liquid electrotyte dye-sensitized solar cells, (c) Current-voltage curves under simulated AM 1.5100 mW cm solar illumination. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56].

Mercury Telluride. Compounds of mercury with tellurium have gained importance as semiconductors with appHcations in infrared detection (9) and solar cells (10). The ratio of the components is varied, and other elements such as cadmium, zinc, and indium are added to modify the electronic characteristics. 

Solar cells have been used extensively and successfully to power sateUites in space since the late 1950s, where their high power-to-weight ratio and demonstrated rehabiUty are especially desirable characteristics. On earth, where electrical systems typically provide large amounts of power at reasonable costs, three principal technical limitations have thus far impeded the widespread use of photovoltaic products solar cells are expensive, sunlight has a relatively low power density, and commercially available solar cells convert sunlight to electricity with limited efficiency. Clearly, terrestrial solar cells must be reasonably efficient, affordable, and durable. International efforts are dedicated to obtaining such devices, and a number of these activities have been reviewed (1). 

The photogenerated current is in the same direction as /, but is always less than because the battier potential under load conditions is always less than F, which results in a larger flow of majority carriers than that in a short-circuited cell. Thus, when a solar cell is under load, the current and voltage are always less than and lU, respectively this condition is the curve-factor loss. Depending on the characteristics of the particularp—n junction and on the cell operating conditions, there is an optimal load resistance that maximizes the power output of the cell, ie, the product of its current and voltage. 

The chemical and electronic properties of elements at the interfaces between very thin films and bulk substrates are important in several technological areas, particularly microelectronics, sensors, catalysis, metal protection, and solar cells. To study conditions at an interface, depth profiling by ion bombardment is inadvisable, because both composition and chemical state can be altered by interaction with energetic positive ions. The normal procedure is, therefore, to start with a clean or other well-characterized substrate and deposit the thin film on to it slowly at a chosen temperature while XPS is used to monitor the composition and chemical state by recording selected characteristic spectra. The procedure continues until no further spectral changes occur, as a function of film thickness, of time elapsed since deposition, or of changes in substrate temperature. 

Figure 15-31. l/V characteristics of a large area plastic solar cell ( illuminated with 488 nm, 10 rnW/ cm2). FF for the 1TO plastic cell is 0.35. As reference a pholocurrcnl of a polycrystalline Si cell is plotted ( ), 10 limes reduced. 

Fig. 5.4 Power characteristics of CdS/sodium polysulfide solar cells. Solution composition is 0.1 M NaiS + 0.01 M S+ 0.01 M NaOH. (i) Single-crystal photoanode ...

Gerischer H, Gobrecht J (1976) On the power characteristics of electrochemical solar cells. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 80 327-333... 

FIG. 60. Current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell made at 65 MHz and 42 mW/cm-, The dashed line indicates the maximum-power point. 

The current-voltage I-V) characteristic of a solar cell is given by... 

The PV characteristics of the CIGS2 thin-film solar cell on opaque Mo back contact, as measured at the NREL under AM 1.5 conditions, were as follows short-circuit current density sc of 20.88 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage 1% of 830.5 mV, fill factor FF of 69.13%, and PV conversion efficiency // of 11.99%. 

Fig. 6. I(V) characteristic at AMI illumination of solar cell consisting of p-n junction in polycrystalline Si. [Courtesy of B.W Faughnan]... 

Harold J. Hovel, Introduction Carrier Collection, Spectral Response, and Photocurrent Solar Cell Electrical Characteristics Efficiency Thickness Other Solar Cell Devices Radiation Effects Temperature and Intensity Solar Cell Technology... 

G.A. Swartz, Closed-Form Solution of I-V Characteristic for a-Si H Solar Cells Isamu Shimizu, Electrophotography Sachio Ishioka, Image Pickup Tubes... 

Figure 6.31. Light I-V characteristics of solar cells fabricated with AACVD-deposited CuInS2 films.

TABLE 6.5. AMO Output Characteristics of Solar Cells Fabricated With AACVD-Deposited CuInS2 Films... 

Boschloo, G. Hagfeldt, A., Characteristics of the lodide/Triiodide Redox Mediator in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009,42 1819-1826. 

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