Temperature effective radiation

For irradiation at 313 m/, the reactor consisted of a 6- X 2-inch o.d. cylindrical borosilicate glass tube fitted directly to the mass spectrometer by a 24/40 joint. A Hanovia analytical lamp, having an estimated output of 325 watts, was mounted externally alongside the tube. The radiation received by the samples inside the tube was filtered through borosilicate glass and was essentially 313 m/. The ambient temperature within the reactor during irradiation was 25 °C. Some comparative experiments were carried out at 70 °C. with additional heating. There was no detectable temperature effect between 25° and 70°C., and the results reported here are for 25 °C. 

It is assumed for the above equation that cover area is equal to basin area, that the brine effluent rate equals the distillate rate, that the sea water supply is preheated by exchange to distillate temperature, and that the effective sky temperature for radiation is equal to atmospheric temperature. 

The only reported attempt to determine the effects of irradiation temperature on radiation chemical yields from meats is the work of Merritt... 

A slab of white marble is exposed to a solar radiation flux of 1070 W/m2. Assuming the effective radiation temperature of the sky is -70°C, calculate the radiation equilibrium temperature of the slab, using the properties given in Table 8-3. For this calculation neglect all conduction and convection losses. 

On a clear night the effective radiation temperature of the sky may be taken as -70°C. Assuming that there is no wind and the convection heat-transfer coefficient from the air to the dew which has collected on the grass is 28 W/m2 °C, estimate the minimum temperature which the air must have to prevent formation of frost. Neglect evaporation of the dew, and assume that the grass is insulated... 

Air at 20°C flows across a 50-cm-diameter cylinder at a velocity of 25 m/s. The cylinder is maintained at a temperature of I50°C and has a surface emissivity of 0.7. Calculate the total heat loss from the cylinder per unit length if the effective radiation temperature of the surroundings is 20°C. 

Patten, R. A., and W. Gordy Electron spin resonance investigations of radiation induced free radicals in DNA and RNA at low temperatures effect of water. Nature 201, 361 (1964). 

Adiabatic calorimetry is particularly useful for the study of closed adsorption systems at low temperatures (where radiation losses are small) and for temperature scanning experiments. It is the preferred type of measurement for the determination of the heat capacity of adsorption systems, especially in the temperature range 4-300 K (Morrison et al., 1952 Dash, 1975). The temperature scan is obtained by means of the Joule effect applied to the sample container the sample heating coil shown in Figure 3.14 is used for this purpose. 

Hsu, F.H., Choi, Y.J., Hadley Jr, J.H. (2000) Temperature dependence of positron annihilation lifetime spectra for polyethylene positron irradiation effects . Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 58,473. 

During the past five years two research disciplines of optical spectroscopy and magnetic resonance have merged when it became evident that at low temperatures, microwave radiation of resonance frequencies with the zero-field (zf) transitions of the lowest triplet state could have observable effects on the phosphorescence intensity as well as the spectrum. Quantitative information can then be obtained from these phosphorescence-microwave multiple-resonance experiments from which the magnetic, the radiative, and the nonradiative as well as the structural properties of the triplet state can be determined. 

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