Soils, mineral characteristics

Soils and vadose zone information, including soil characteristics (type, holding capacity, temperature, biological activity, and engineering properties), soil chemical characteristics (solubility, ion specification, adsorption, leachability, cation exchange capacity, mineral partition coefficient, and chemical and sorptive properties), and vadose zone characteristics (permeability, variability, porosity, moisture content, chemical characteristics, and extent of contamination)... 

Effect of pathogens on tree carbohydrate concentration and relationship of carbohydrate concentrations to pathogen attack 24b Effect of path< ns on water uptake and transpiration 24c Relation ip between stem and root characteristics and pathogen attack 2Sa Effect of soil moisture and temperature on water uptake and transpiration 2Sb Effect of soil mineral concentration and temperature on mineral nutrition of... 

Bacterial desiccation and survival of other species in dried soils and mineral powders has been reported (Bitton et al., 1976, Labeda et al., 1976 Dupler Baker, 1984 Moll Vestal, 1992). In many instances the authors did not report soil mineralogical characteristics however, Bitton et al. (1976) showed greater survival of Klebsiella aerogenes under desiccation stress when in soils dominated by montmorillonite as compared to kaolinite. Amendment of montmorillonite to a sandy soil also increased the survival of K. aerogenes and thus produced the greatest increase in survival in these studies as well as those conducted with rhizobia. 

In addition to ecological considerations concerning bacterial survival in soil, the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and mineral characteristics has relevance to carriers selected for the preparation of bacterial inocula (Kloepper Schroth, 1981 van Elsas Heijnen, 1990 Caesar Burr, 1991). Chao Alexander (1984) explored the potential use of soil-based inoculants for rhizobia. Pesenti-Barili et al. (1991) conducted a comprehensive survey of nine potential carriers for Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, including kaolinite and vermiculite, and concluded that vermiculite was most suitable. 

The objectives of this work were to (1) study the equilibrium sorption characteristics of an anionic surfactant (SDS) and a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) to kaolinite, a common soil mineral, as a function of solution chemistry (2) examine the equilibrium partitioning of two HOCs (phenanthrene and naphthalene) to the surfactant micelles and sorbed... 

Wahba, M. M. and A. M. Zaghloul. 2007. Adsorption characteristics of some heavy metals by some soil minerals. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 3 421 -26. 

Solubility products measured in pure systems may not represent soil conditions very well. The impurities in solids affect their aqueous solubility soil minerals are characteristically impure. Nonetheless, predictions of soil solution concentrations usually assume the solubility products of pure minerals apply. The water molecule is ignored in stability constant and solubility product equations. The concentration of water is assumed to be unity because water is present in great excess and does not change significantly during the reaction. This assumption is good in all but the most concentrated aqueous solutions and in dry soils. 

Anthropogenic soils are formed by the recultivation of exploited earth minerals or devastated soils. Their characteristics depend on properties and characters of substrates and on the recultivation method [1-3]. 

Possessing a marked abihty to accelerate the condensation of water vapor applied to condensation nuclei composed of salts that yield aqueous solutions of a very low equilibrium vapor pressure compared with that of pure water at the same temperature. (2) Pertaining to a substance whose physical characteristics are appreciably altered by effects of water vapor. (3) Pertaining to water absorbed by dry soil minerals from the atmosphere the amounts depend on the physiochemical character of the surfaces, and increase with rising relative humidity. 

The Thermal Characteristics of Soil Minerals and the Use of These Characteristics in the Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Clay Minerals in Soils... 

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