Agrobacterium radiobacter

The crystal structure of the halohydrin dehalogenase from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium radiobacter ADI, HheC, has been solved [129]. HheC is structurally related to the family of NAD(P)H-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reduc-... 

Table 3.1 Parameters of growth and exopolysaccharide production for Agrobacterium radiobacter grown in chemostat culture on various carbon sources. Data obtained from Linton J. D. et al (1987) Journal of General Microbiology 133, 2979-2987.

An even more elegant approach for the production of D-phydroxyphenylglydne on an industrial scale uses foe bacterium. Agrobacterium radiobacter (Figure A8.8). The organism is able to produce both D-hydantoinase and a second enzyme, N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid aminohydrolase, which catalyse the hydrolysis of N-carbamoyl-D-amino add. 

In another study that appeared prior to the advent of CASTing, the traditional combination of epPCR and DNA shuffling was used to enhance the enantioselectivity of the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of p-nitro phenyl glycidyl ether and other epoxides catalyzed by the EH from Agrobacterium radiobacter [59]. Several mutants were obtained with up to 13-fold improved enantioselectivity. The amino acid exchanges took place around the active site. 

Snape JR, NA Walkley, AP Morby, S Nicklin, GF White (1997) Purification, properties, and sequence of glycerol trinitrate reductase from Agrobacterium radiobacter. J Bacterial 179 7796-7802. 

Rink R, M Eennema, M Smids, U Dehmel, DB Janssen (1997) Primary structure and catalytic mechanism of the epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter ADI. J Biol Chem 272 14650-14657. 

The degradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by Agrobacterium radiobacter strain ADI involves hydrolysis of an intermediate epichlorohydrin (3-chloroprop-l-ene) to the diol (Bosma et al. 1999, 2002). An enzyme from this strain has been modified from the use of epichlorohydrin that is its normal substrate to accept dy-l,2-dichloroethene with the release of chloride and the presumptive formation of glyoxal (Rui et al. 2004). 

Bosma T, E Kruizinga, EJ de Bruin, GJ Poelarends, DB Janssen (1999) Utilization of trihalogenated propanes by Agrobacterium radiobacter ADI through heterologous expression of the haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhododoccus sp. strain ml5-3. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 4575-4581. 

Rui L, 1 Cao, W Chen, KF Reardon, TK Wood (2004) Active site engineering of the epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter ADI to enhance aerobic mineralization of cw-l,2-dichloroethylene in cells expressing an evolved toluene ort/io-monooxygenase. J Biol Chem 279 46810-46817. 

Sulfite may not necessarily be eliminated before ring fission. The degradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate by a mixed culture of Plydrogenophaga palleroni mA Agrobacterium radiobacter produced 4-sulfocatechol from which the sulfonate was eliminated... 

Agrobacterium radiobacter Agrocin 84 Agrohacteriwn tumefaciens Stonefruit. Roses Crown Gall 114... 

Numerous biocatalytic routes to this challenging intermediate have been reported. " For example. Fox et al. have recently developed an efficient regioselective cyanation starting from low-cost epichlorohydrin (Scheme 1.26). Initial experiments found that halohydrin dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter expressed in E. coli produced the desired product, but inefficiently. To meet the projected cost requirements for economic viability, the product needed to be produced at 100 g L with complete conversion and a 4000-fold increase in volumetric productivity. The biocatalyst needed to function under neutral conditions to avoid by-product formation, which causes downstream processing issues. 

All bacteria where nitrate ester degradation has been characterized have very similar enzymes. The enzymes eatalyze the nicotinamide cofactor-dependent reductive eleavage of nitrate esters that produces alcohol and nitrite. Purification of the PETN reduetase from Enterobacter cloacae yielded a monomerie protein of around 40 kilo Daltons, which required NADPH as a co-faetor for aetivity. Similar enzymes were responsible for the nitrate ester-degrading activity in Agrobacterium radiobacter (Snape et al. 1997) - nitrate ester reductase - and in the strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida (Blehert et al. 1999) - xenobiotic reduetases . All utilize a non-covalently bound flavine mononucleotide as a redox eofactor. 

Agrobacterium radiobacter was found by the De Bi-sclavo Co (Siena, Italy) to process... 

Source of Enzyme (s) E. coli B. brevis and Agrobacterium radiobacter B. cereus, Candida bodinii Cryptococcus laurentii and Achromobacter obae P. putid,... 

In addition to ecological considerations concerning bacterial survival in soil, the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and mineral characteristics has relevance to carriers selected for the preparation of bacterial inocula (Kloepper Schroth, 1981 van Elsas Heijnen, 1990 Caesar Burr, 1991). Chao Alexander (1984) explored the potential use of soil-based inoculants for rhizobia. Pesenti-Barili et al. (1991) conducted a comprehensive survey of nine potential carriers for Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, including kaolinite and vermiculite, and concluded that vermiculite was most suitable. 

Pesenti-Barili, B., Ferdani, E., Mosti, M. Degli-Innocenti, F. (1991)- Survival of Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 on various carriers for crown gall control. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57, 2047-51. 

GDP-Fuc From GDP-Man with a crude enzyme preparation from Agrobacterium radiobacter From Fuc-l-P and GTP with GDP-Fuc pyrophosphorylase By chemical synthesis... 

Strothers, J.K., K. Jayachandran, and T.B. Moorman (1998). Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64 3368-3375. 

Agrobacterium radiobacter Atrazine Ametryn, cyanazine, prometon, simazine Ring and side chain Moscinski et al. (1996)... 

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